महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-37, verse-5

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अपीडया च भृत्यानां धर्मस्याहिंसया तथा ।
पात्रं विद्याम तत्त्वेन यस्मै दत्तं न संतपेत् ॥५॥

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
apīḍayā ca bhṛtyānāṁ dharmasyāhiṁsayā tathā ,
pātraṁ vidyāma tattvena yasmai dattaṁ na saṁtapet.

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | apīḍayā ca bhṛtyānām dharmasya ahiṃsayā
tathā | pātram vidyāma tattvena yasmai dattam na santapet

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bhṛtyānām apīḍayā ca,
tathā dharmasya ahiṃsayā ca,
tattvena pātram vidyāma yasmai dattam (sat) na santapet

5. Yudhiṣṭhira said: How may we truly understand a worthy recipient (pātra) by not oppressing our dependents and by not violating (our own) natural law (dharma) through non-harm, so that a gift given to them would not cause remorse?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अपीडया (apīḍayā) - by non-oppression, by not causing pain

• च (ca) - and, also

• भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of servants, of dependents

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

• अहिंसया (ahiṁsayā) - by non-violence, by non-harming

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (pātra) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

• विद्याम (vidyāma) - may we know, let us know

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, really

• यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

• दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, granted)

• न (na) - not, no

• सन्तपेत् (santapet) - should regret, should feel remorse, should suffer

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle), eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense (Lit)

3rd person singular perfect of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अपीडया (apīḍayā) - by non-oppression, by not causing pain

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of apīḍā

apīḍā - non-oppression, absence of pain

Compound of 'a' (negative) and 'pīḍā' (pain, oppression)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+pīḍā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pīḍā – pain, torment, oppression
  noun (feminine)
  From √pīḍ (to oppress)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of servants, of dependents

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, employed

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Derived from root √dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अहिंसया (ahiṁsayā) - by non-violence, by non-harming

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-harming

Compound of 'a' (negative) and 'hiṃsā' (violence, injury)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hiṃsā – injury, harm, violence
  noun (feminine)
  From √hiṃs (to injure)
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (pātra) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, cup, recipient, worthy person, capable person

विद्याम (vidyāma) - may we know, let us know

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Optative Mood

1st person plural optative of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, really

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, granted)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

From √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सन्तपेत् (santapet) - should regret, should feel remorse, should suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of santap

Optative Mood

3rd person singular optative of √tap with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)