महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-37, verse-4

अपूर्वं वापि यत्पात्रं यच्चापि स्याच्चिरोषितम् ।
दूरादभ्यागतं चापि तत्पात्रं च विदुर्बुधाः ॥४॥

4. apūrvaṁ vāpi yatpātraṁ yaccāpi syācciroṣitam ,
dūrādabhyāgataṁ cāpi tatpātraṁ ca vidurbudhāḥ.

4. apūrvam vā api yat pātram yat ca api syāt ciroṣitam
| dūrāt abhyāgatam ca api tat pātram ca viduḥ budhāḥ

4. yat pātram apūrvam vā api,
yat ca api ciroṣitam syāt,
ca api dūrāt abhyāgatam (syāt),
tat pātram ca budhāḥ viduḥ

4. The wise know that person to be a worthy recipient who is either unprecedented (in merit), or has resided (in a place of learning or austerity) for a long time, or has come from afar.

Words meanings summery:

• अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented (in merit or virtue) (unprecedented, not seen before, novel)

• वा (vā) - or, optionally

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• यत् (yat) - which, whatsoever, who

• पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (for a gift) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

• यत् (yat) - which, whatsoever, who

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• चिरोषितम् (ciroṣitam) - resided for a long time

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance, from afar

• अभ्यागतम् (abhyāgatam) - approached, arrived, come

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• तत् (tat) - that, such

• पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (for a gift) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, understand

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, learned persons

Words meanings and morphology

अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented (in merit or virtue) (unprecedented, not seen before, novel)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, not existing before, new, novel

Compound of 'a' (negative) and 'pūrva' (former, preceding)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pūrva – former, prior, preceding
  adjective (masculine)

वा (vā) - or, optionally

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, whatsoever, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (for a gift) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, cup, recipient, worthy person, capable person

यत् (yat) - which, whatsoever, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Mood

3rd person singular optative of √as

Root: as (class 2)

चिरोषितम् (ciroṣitam) - resided for a long time

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ciroṣita

ciroṣita - one who has resided for a long time, long-dwelt

Compound involving Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'cira' (for a long time) and 'uṣita' (dwelt, resided, PPP of √vas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cira+uṣita)

• cira – long, lasting long, for a long time
  adjective (neuter)
• uṣita – dwelt, resided, stayed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance, from afar

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an indeclinable adverbial ablative

अभ्यागतम् (abhyāgatam) - approached, arrived, come

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - approached, arrived, come, a guest

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam with prefixes abhi-ā-

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, such

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (for a gift) (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, cup, recipient, worthy person, capable person

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect Tense (Lit)

3rd person plural perfect of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, learned persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person

Derived from root √budh (to know, awaken)

Root: budh (class 1)