महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-338, verse-16

रुद्र उवाच ।
त्वत्प्रसादेन भगवन्स्वाध्यायतपसोर्मम ।
कुशलं चाव्ययं चैव सर्वस्य जगतस्तथा ॥१६॥

16. rudra uvāca ,
tvatprasādena bhagavansvādhyāyatapasormama ,
kuśalaṁ cāvyayaṁ caiva sarvasya jagatastathā.

16. rudra uvāca tvatprasādena bhagavan svādhyāyatapasoḥ
mama kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva sarvasya jagataḥ tathā

16. rudra uvāca bhagavan tvatprasādena mama svādhyāyatapasoḥ
kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva tathā sarvasya jagataḥ

16. Rudra said: 'O venerable one, by your grace, my well-being in Vedic study and spiritual austerity (tapas) is secure and undiminished. And similarly, it is so for the entire universe.'

Words meanings summery:

• रुद्र (rudra) - The deity Rudra (Rudra (a name of Shiva))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्वत्प्रसादेन (tvatprasādena) - by the grace of the venerable father (by your grace)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - addressing the father figure (O venerable one, O Lord)

• स्वाध्यायतपसोः (svādhyāyatapasoḥ) - my well-being in these two practices (of Vedic study and austerity (tapas))

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, welfare, health

• च (ca) - and, also

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - my well-being is undiminished (imperishable, undiminished, eternal, undecaying)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

• सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all, of the entire

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of the universe

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so also, thus

Words meanings and morphology

रुद्र (rudra) - The deity Rudra (Rudra (a name of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - The roaring one, a name of Shiva, a storm god

From √rud (to cry, to roar).

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वत्प्रसादेन (tvatprasādena) - by the grace of the venerable father (by your grace)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tvatprasāda

tvatprasāda - your grace, favor from you

Tatpuruṣa compound of tvat (from you) and prasāda (grace).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvad+prasāda)

• tvad – you
  pronoun
  Stem of 2nd person pronoun.
• prasāda – grace, favor, calmness, clarity
  noun (masculine)
  From pra + √sad (to sit, settle down).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action/state.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - addressing the father figure (O venerable one, O Lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - prosperous, fortunate, glorious, divine, venerable, lord

Present active participle

Derived from bhaga (fortune, excellence) + -vat (possessing). Often used as an honorific.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the speaker of the previous verse.

स्वाध्यायतपसोः (svādhyāyatapasoḥ) - my well-being in these two practices (of Vedic study and austerity (tapas))

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of svādhyāyatapas

svādhyāyatapas - Vedic study and austerity

A dvandva compound of svādhyāya and tapas.

Compound type : dvandva (svādhyāya+tapas)

• svādhyāya – self-study, Vedic study, recitation of sacred texts
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (self) + adhyāya (study, lesson).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)
• tapas – spiritual austerity, penance, heat, intense effort
  noun (neuter)
  From √tap (to heat, to suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Related to `mama kuśalam`.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Genitive form of the 1st person pronoun.

Note: Possessive, qualifying `kuśalam`.

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, welfare, health

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well, healthy, skilful, auspicious, welfare, well-being

Originally meaning 'fit to hold the kuśa grass' for ritual.

Note: The subject in this clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - my well-being is undiminished (imperishable, undiminished, eternal, undecaying)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, eternal, indeclinable

From `a` (not) + `vyaya` (expenditure, decay). Root `vi` + `i` + `aya`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vyaya – expenditure, loss, decay, dissolution
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi` + √i (to go).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the preceding words.

सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all, of the entire

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Possessive.

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of the universe

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, the universe

Present active participle

From √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Possessive.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so also, thus

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + thā (suffix of manner).

Note: Adverb of comparison.