महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-338, verse-15

कच्चित्ते कुशलं पुत्र स्वाध्यायतपसोः सदा ।
नित्यमुग्रतपास्त्वं हि ततः पृच्छामि ते पुनः ॥१५॥

15. kaccitte kuśalaṁ putra svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā ,
nityamugratapāstvaṁ hi tataḥ pṛcchāmi te punaḥ.

15. kaccit te kuśalam putra svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā
nityam ugratapāḥ tvam hi tataḥ pṛcchāmi te punaḥ

15. putra te svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā kuśalam kaccit hi
tvam nityam ugratapāḥ tataḥ te punaḥ pṛcchāmi

15. O son, I hope that you are always well regarding your Vedic study and spiritual austerity (tapas). For you are indeed constantly engaged in severe austerity (tapas); therefore, I ask you again.

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that..., is it true that...

• ते (te) - to you, your

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, welfare, health

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• स्वाध्यायतपसोः (svādhyāyatapasoḥ) - of Vedic study and austerity (tapas)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• उग्रतपाः (ugratapāḥ) - one with severe austerity (tapas), having fierce penance

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

• ते (te) - to you

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that..., is it true that...

(indeclinable)

From kad (what, when) + cit (certain).

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun.

Note: Associated with `kuśalam`.

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, welfare, health

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well, healthy, skilful, auspicious, welfare, well-being

Originally meaning 'fit to hold the kuśa grass' for ritual.

Note: The state of being well.

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

From √pu (to purify) + tra (instrumental suffix).

Root: pu

Note: Addressed to the son.

स्वाध्यायतपसोः (svādhyāyatapasoḥ) - of Vedic study and austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of svādhyāyatapas

svādhyāyatapas - Vedic study and austerity

A dvandva compound of svādhyāya and tapas.

Compound type : dvandva (svādhyāya+tapas)

• svādhyāya – self-study, Vedic study, recitation of sacred texts
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (self) + adhyāya (study, lesson).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)
• tapas – spiritual austerity, penance, heat, intense effort
  noun (neuter)
  From √tap (to heat, to suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Possessive, referring to the well-being of these two activities.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

From sa (with) + dā (time).

Note: Modifies `kuśalam`.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From ni (down) + √i (to go).

Root: i

Note: Modifies `ugratapāḥ` / `asi` (implied).

उग्रतपाः (ugratapāḥ) - one with severe austerity (tapas), having fierce penance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - severe austerity, fierce penance, one who practices severe austerities

From ugra (fierce, severe) + tapas (austerity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – fierce, severe, terrible, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
• tapas – spiritual austerity, penance, heat, intense effort
  noun (neuter)
  From √tap (to heat, to suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Subject.

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

Note: Causal particle.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb derived from tad (that).

Note: Expresses consequence.

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pracch

Present active

From root `praccha`.

Root: praccha (class 6)

Note: The speaker is asking.

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun.

Note: Indirect object of `pṛcchāmi`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `pṛcchāmi`.