महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-298, verse-26

अत ऊर्ध्वं महाराज गुणस्यैतस्य तत्त्वतः ।
महात्मभिरनुप्रोक्तां कालसंख्यां निबोध मे ॥२६॥

26. ata ūrdhvaṁ mahārāja guṇasyaitasya tattvataḥ ,
mahātmabhiranuproktāṁ kālasaṁkhyāṁ nibodha me.

26. ataḥ ūrdhvam mahārāja guṇasya etasya tattvataḥ
mahātmabhiḥ anuproktām kālasaṃkhyām nibodha me

26. mahārāja ataḥ ūrdhvam nibodha me anuproktām
kālasaṃkhyām guṇasya etasya tattvataḥ mahātmabhiḥ

26. O great King, hereafter, understand from me the reckoning of time (kāla) that has been accurately declared by great souls (mahātman) regarding the true nature of these qualities (guṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - after this (i.e., after what has been explained so far) (from this, therefore, then, after this)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - after this, hereafter (above, upwards, later, after)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; addressing Janamejaya (O great king)

• गुणस्य (guṇasya) - of the (three) qualities (guṇa) (sattva, rajas, tamas) that constitute primordial nature (prakṛti) (of quality, of attribute, of a constituent of nature)

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this (quality/guṇa) (of this)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - accurately, regarding the true nature of (in essence, truly, accurately, according to reality)

• महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the enlightened or revered sages (mahātman) (by great souls, by noble persons)

• अनुप्रोक्ताम् (anuproktām) - that which has been declared or taught (referring to kālasaṃkhyām) (declared, proclaimed, taught)

• कालसंख्याम् (kālasaṁkhyām) - the detailed description of temporal divisions or cycles (reckoning of time, enumeration of time)

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen and understand (understand, learn, perceive)

• मे (me) - from me (the speaker) (to me, for me, from me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - after this (i.e., after what has been explained so far) (from this, therefore, then, after this)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage from pronominal stem a + ablative suffix tas.

Note: Adverbial.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - after this, hereafter (above, upwards, later, after)

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially.

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; addressing Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound: mahā (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root rāj (to shine, rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

गुणस्य (guṇasya) - of the (three) qualities (guṇa) (sattva, rajas, tamas) that constitute primordial nature (prakṛti) (of quality, of attribute, of a constituent of nature)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature, strand, virtue, secondary quality

Note: Refers to the collective concept of the guṇas.

एतस्य (etasya) - of this (quality/guṇa) (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near speaker)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Modifies guṇasya.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - accurately, regarding the true nature of (in essence, truly, accurately, according to reality)

(indeclinable)

From tattva (reality) + suffix tas (indicating origin or manner).

Note: Adverbial.

महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the enlightened or revered sages (mahātman) (by great souls, by noble persons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble person, magnanimous person (mahātman)

Compound: mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root an (to breathe) + tman suffix.
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle anuproktām.

अनुप्रोक्ताम् (anuproktām) - that which has been declared or taught (referring to kālasaṃkhyām) (declared, proclaimed, taught)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anuprokta

anuprokta - declared, said, taught in succession

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) with prefixes anu and pra, and participle suffix kta. anu-pra-vac → anuprokta.

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: vac (class 2)

कालसंख्याम् (kālasaṁkhyām) - the detailed description of temporal divisions or cycles (reckoning of time, enumeration of time)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kālasaṃkhyā

kālasaṁkhyā - reckoning of time, enumeration of time

Compound: kāla (time) + saṃkhyā (number, reckoning).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+saṃkhyā)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• saṃkhyā – number, reckoning, calculation, sum
  noun (feminine)
  From sam + root khyā (to tell, enumerate).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Object of nibodha.

निबोध (nibodha) - listen and understand (understand, learn, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative, 2nd Person Singular

From root budh (to know, wake) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (the speaker) (to me, for me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me (pronominal stem)

Enclitic dative/genitive singular of aham.

Note: Functions as a source in 'learn from me'.