महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-298, verse-12

एताः प्रकृतयस्त्वष्टौ विकारानपि मे शृणु ।
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चैव चक्षुश्च जिह्वा घ्राणं च पञ्चमम् ॥१२॥

12. etāḥ prakṛtayastvaṣṭau vikārānapi me śṛṇu ,
śrotraṁ tvakcaiva cakṣuśca jihvā ghrāṇaṁ ca pañcamam.

12. etāḥ prakṛtayaḥ tu aṣṭau vikārān api me śṛṇu śrotram
tvak ca eva cakṣuḥ ca jihvā ghrāṇam ca pañcamam

12. etāḥ aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ tu; me vikārān api śṛṇu; śrotram
tvak ca eva cakṣuḥ ca jihvā ghrāṇam ca pañcamam

12. These indeed are the eight primary constituents (prakṛti); now, also hear from me about their modifications (vikāra). (These include) the ear (for hearing), the skin (for touch), the eye (for sight), the tongue (for taste), and the nose (for smell) as the fifth.

Words meanings summery:

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (referring to the eight listed in the previous verse) (these)

• प्रकृतयः (prakṛtayaḥ) - primary constituents (prakṛti) (natures, origins, primary matter, source)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• विकारान् (vikārān) - modifications or evolutes (of prakṛti) (modifications, changes, transformations, evolutes)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• मे (me) - from me (indirect object of hearing) (to me, for me, my)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear (from me) (hear!, listen!)

• श्रोत्रम् (śrotram) - the ear (sense organ for hearing) (ear, sense of hearing)

• त्वक् (tvak) - the skin (sense organ for touch) (skin, hide, bark, sense of touch)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - the eye (sense organ for sight) (eye, sight, vision)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• जिह्वा (jihvā) - the tongue (sense organ for taste) (tongue, speech, sense of taste)

• घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the nose (sense organ for smell) (nose, sense of smell)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - the fifth (sense organ) (fifth)

Words meanings and morphology

एताः (etāḥ) - these (referring to the eight listed in the previous verse) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etat

etat - this, these (neuter singular nominative/accusative), this (stem for masculine/feminine forms)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the list in 97344.

प्रकृतयः (prakṛtayaḥ) - primary constituents (prakṛti) (natures, origins, primary matter, source)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, source, primordial matter, fundamental constituent

From 'pra-' + √kṛ (to make, do) + -ti (feminine suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral)

Note: The form is 'aṣṭau' for nominative/accusative plural.

विकारान् (vikārān) - modifications or evolutes (of prakṛti) (modifications, changes, transformations, evolutes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vikāra

vikāra - change, alteration, modification, transformation, product, evolute

From 'vi-' + √kṛ (to make, do) + ghañ.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of the verb 'śṛṇu'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - from me (indirect object of hearing) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun stem.

Note: Can also be genitive, but dative fits better with 'śṛṇu' (hear from me).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear (from me) (hear!, listen!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative mood

Root śru (class 5) in imperative, second person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

श्रोत्रम् (śrotram) - the ear (sense organ for hearing) (ear, sense of hearing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotra

śrotra - ear, the sense of hearing, organ of hearing

From √śru (to hear) + -tra (instrument suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

त्वक् (tvak) - the skin (sense organ for touch) (skin, hide, bark, sense of touch)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark, sense of touch

Derived from √tvac (to cover).

Root: tvac (class 1)

Note: Stem is tvac, nominative singular is tvak.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - the eye (sense organ for sight) (eye, sight, vision)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cakṣus

cakṣus - eye, sight, vision, light

From √cakṣ (to see).

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Stem is cakṣus.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

जिह्वा (jihvā) - the tongue (sense organ for taste) (tongue, speech, sense of taste)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, speech, sense of taste

Related to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéh₂us (tongue).

घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the nose (sense organ for smell) (nose, sense of smell)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghrāṇa

ghrāṇa - nose, sense of smell, smelling

From √ghrā (to smell) + -ana (action/instrument suffix).

Root: ghrā (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - the fifth (sense organ) (fifth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth, fifth in order

Derived from pañcan (five) with suffix -ma.

Note: Used substantively here.