महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-298, verse-23

ऊर्ध्वस्रोतस्तथा तिर्यगुत्पद्यति नराधिप ।
अष्टमं सर्गमित्याहुरेतदार्जवकं बुधाः ॥२३॥

23. ūrdhvasrotastathā tiryagutpadyati narādhipa ,
aṣṭamaṁ sargamityāhuretadārjavakaṁ budhāḥ.

23. ūrdhvasrotas tathā tiryak utpadyati narādhipa
aṣṭamam sargam iti āhuḥ etat ārjavakam budhāḥ

23. narādhipa budhāḥ ūrdhvasrotas tathā tiryak
utpadyati etat aṣṭamam sargam ārjavakam iti āhuḥ

23. O King, those with an upward flow (the gods) and those moving obliquely (the animals) are produced. The wise ones declare this to be the eighth creation, and they say it is straightforward.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वस्रोतस् (ūrdhvasrotas) - those beings whose vital energy or spiritual inclination moves upwards; specifically referring to the gods (devas) who receive offerings (having an upward flow, those whose course is upwards)

• तथा (tathā) - and; connecting two categories of creation (thus, so, and, also)

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - referring to animals, as their movement is typically horizontal or sideways relative to humans (oblique, horizontal, sideways, animals)

• उत्पद्यति (utpadyati) - are produced, come into existence (referring to the creation of gods and animals) (is produced, originates, comes into being)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, addressing Janamejaya (O king, ruler of men)

• अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - the eighth (creation) (eighth)

• सर्गम् (sargam) - the creation or emanation (of beings) (creation, emanation, evolution)

• इति (iti) - indicating that the preceding phrase is what the wise ones say (thus, so, in this manner, indicates direct speech or quotation)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - the wise ones (budhāḥ) declare (they say, they declare)

• एतत् (etat) - this (description of the eighth creation) (this)

• आर्जवकम् (ārjavakam) - straightforward, simple (referring to the nature of this creation's description) (straightforwardness, simplicity, honesty, directness)

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the ancient sages or knowledgeable persons (wise ones, learned ones)

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वस्रोतस् (ūrdhvasrotas) - those beings whose vital energy or spiritual inclination moves upwards; specifically referring to the gods (devas) who receive offerings (having an upward flow, those whose course is upwards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ūrdhvasrotas

ūrdhvasrotas - having an upward course, having an upward flow, flowing upwards

Compound: ūrdhva (upward) + srotas (stream/flow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+srotas)

• ūrdhva – upward, elevated, high, upper
  adjective
• srotas – stream, current, flow, channel, river
  noun (neuter)
  From root sru (to flow).
  Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Used substantively here, referring to 'those who have an upward flow', i.e., gods.

तथा (tathā) - and; connecting two categories of creation (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - referring to animals, as their movement is typically horizontal or sideways relative to humans (oblique, horizontal, sideways, animals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tiryak

tiryak - oblique, horizontal, crosswise, an animal, a beast

Note: Used substantively, meaning 'animals'.

उत्पद्यति (utpadyati) - are produced, come into existence (referring to the creation of gods and animals) (is produced, originates, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of utpad

Present Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

From root pad (to go, move) with prefix ud. ud-pad forms utpad.

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The form utpadyati is often seen as an active counterpart to the more common middle utpadyate.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, addressing Janamejaya (O king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, lord of men

Compound: nara (man) + adhipa (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + root pā (to protect/govern).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - the eighth (creation) (eighth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth

Derived from aṣṭan (eight) + suffix ma.

Note: Modifies sargam.

सर्गम् (sargam) - the creation or emanation (of beings) (creation, emanation, evolution)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarga

sarga - creation, emanation, evolution, chapter, section

From root sṛj (to let go, create) + suffix a.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Object of āhuḥ, modified by aṣṭamam.

इति (iti) - indicating that the preceding phrase is what the wise ones say (thus, so, in this manner, indicates direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - the wise ones (budhāḥ) declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ah

Present or Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Irregular perfect/present form of root ah (or brū).

Root: ah (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (description of the eighth creation) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near speaker)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the creation itself, or its nature.

आर्जवकम् (ārjavakam) - straightforward, simple (referring to the nature of this creation's description) (straightforwardness, simplicity, honesty, directness)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjavaka

ārjavaka - simple, straightforward, honest, candor, rectitude

From ṛju (straight) + aṇ (suffix for abstract noun) ārjava + ka (diminutive/nominalizing suffix).

Note: Predicate adjective for etat.

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the ancient sages or knowledgeable persons (wise ones, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person, a sage

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of āhuḥ.