महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-298, verse-25

एतानि नव सर्गाणि तत्त्वानि च नराधिप ।
चतुर्विंशतिरुक्तानि यथाश्रुति निदर्शनात् ॥२५॥

25. etāni nava sargāṇi tattvāni ca narādhipa ,
caturviṁśatiruktāni yathāśruti nidarśanāt.

25. etāni nava sargāṇi tattvāni ca narādhipa
caturviṃśatiḥ uktāni yathāśruti nidarśanāt

25. narādhipa etāni nava sargāṇi ca tattvāni
caturviṃśatiḥ yathāśruti nidarśanāt uktāni

25. O King, these nine creations and the twenty-four fundamental principles (tattva) are described as having been declared according to sacred tradition, by way of illustration.

Words meanings summery:

• एतानि (etāni) - these (referring to the previously mentioned creations and principles) (these)

• नव (nava) - nine (creations) (nine)

• सर्गाणि (sargāṇi) - the various types of creation or evolutionary stages of beings (creations, emanations, evolution)

• तत्त्वानि (tattvāni) - the fundamental categories of existence, such as the guṇas, senses, mind, etc., typically counted as 24 in Sāṃkhya philosophy (fundamental principles, elements, realities, categories)

• च (ca) - and; connecting sargāṇi and tattvāni (and, also)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, addressing Janamejaya (O king, ruler of men)

• चतुर्विंशतिः (caturviṁśatiḥ) - the number twenty-four, referring to the tattva (fundamental principles) (twenty-four)

• उक्तानि (uktāni) - are declared (referring to the creations and principles) (said, declared, spoken)

• यथाश्रुति (yathāśruti) - according to the sacred texts or traditional teachings (according to tradition, as heard, as in the Vedas)

• निदर्शनात् (nidarśanāt) - by means of illustration (i.e., through the examples given) (from example, by means of illustration, from evidence)

Words meanings and morphology

एतानि (etāni) - these (referring to the previously mentioned creations and principles) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, this one (near speaker)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to sargāṇi and tattvāni.

नव (nava) - nine (creations) (nine)

(numeral)

Note: Adjective to sargāṇi.

सर्गाणि (sargāṇi) - the various types of creation or evolutionary stages of beings (creations, emanations, evolution)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarga

sarga - creation, emanation, evolution, chapter, section

From root sṛj (to let go, create) + suffix a.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Subject of uktāni.

तत्त्वानि (tattvāni) - the fundamental categories of existence, such as the guṇas, senses, mind, etc., typically counted as 24 in Sāṃkhya philosophy (fundamental principles, elements, realities, categories)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, essence, principle, element, category, fundamental principle (tattva)

From tad (that) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Co-subject with sargāṇi for uktāni.

च (ca) - and; connecting sargāṇi and tattvāni (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Placed after the second item it connects.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, addressing Janamejaya (O king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, lord of men

Compound: nara (man) + adhipa (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + root pā (to protect/govern).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

चतुर्विंशतिः (caturviṁśatiḥ) - the number twenty-four, referring to the tattva (fundamental principles) (twenty-four)

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (catur+viṃśati)

• catur – four
  numeral
  Stem of the numeral 'four'.
• viṃśati – twenty
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine noun meaning twenty.

Note: Predicate for tattvāni, meaning 'which are twenty-four'.

उक्तानि (uktāni) - are declared (referring to the creations and principles) (said, declared, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) with participle suffix kta. vac → ukta.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies sargāṇi and tattvāni.

यथाश्रुति (yathāśruti) - according to the sacred texts or traditional teachings (according to tradition, as heard, as in the Vedas)

(indeclinable)

Compound: yathā (as) + śruti (hearing/Veda/tradition). Adverbial compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śruti)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• śruti – hearing, ear, sacred tradition, Veda
  noun (feminine)
  From root śru (to hear) + suffix ti.
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Adverbial.

निदर्शनात् (nidarśanāt) - by means of illustration (i.e., through the examples given) (from example, by means of illustration, from evidence)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, proof, demonstration

From ni + root dṛś (to see) + suffix ana.

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.