महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-239, verse-2

व्यास उवाच ।
अध्यात्मं यदिदं तात पुरुषस्येह विद्यते ।
तत्तेऽहं संप्रवक्ष्यामि तस्य व्याख्यामिमां शृणु ॥२॥

2. vyāsa uvāca ,
adhyātmaṁ yadidaṁ tāta puruṣasyeha vidyate ,
tatte'haṁ saṁpravakṣyāmi tasya vyākhyāmimāṁ śṛṇu.

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca adhyātmam yat idam tāta puruṣasya iha vidyate
tat te aham saṃpravakṣyāmi tasya vyākhyām imām śṛṇu

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca tāta,
yat idam adhyātmam puruṣasya iha vidyate,
tat aham te saṃpravakṣyāmi.
tasya imām vyākhyām śṛṇu

2. Vyāsa said: "O dear one, I will fully explain to you that spiritual knowledge (adhyātma) which exists here for the individual (puruṣa). Now, listen to this explanation of it."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (the sage) (Vyāsa (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - spiritual knowledge (related to the self/ātman) (spiritual knowledge, relating to the self)

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

• इदम् (idam) - this (spiritual knowledge) (this)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (used affectionately by elders to juniors, like 'my son') (O dear one, my son, father)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the individual (puruṣa) (of the man, of the person (puruṣa), of the primeval being)

• इह (iha) - here (in this world) (here, in this world)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found, is)

• तत् (tat) - that (adhyātma) (that, it)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• संप्रवक्ष्यामि (saṁpravakṣyāmi) - I will fully explain (I will fully explain, I will declare)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (adhyātma) (of that, its)

• व्याख्याम् (vyākhyām) - explanation (explanation, exposition)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (explanation) (this)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to me) (listen, hear)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (the sage) (Vyāsa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - an arranger, compiler, proper name Vyāsa

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - spiritual knowledge (related to the self/ātman) (spiritual knowledge, relating to the self)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - the supreme spirit, spiritual knowledge, relating to the individual soul or self (ātman)

Prefix: adhi

Root: ātman

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Relative pronoun modifying adhyātmam.

इदम् (idam) - this (spiritual knowledge) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Demonstrative pronoun modifying adhyātmam.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (used affectionately by elders to juniors, like 'my son') (O dear one, my son, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (vocative)

Note: Vyasa addressing Shuka.

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the individual (puruṣa) (of the man, of the person (puruṣa), of the primeval being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, the soul, spirit

Note: Possessive.

इह (iha) - here (in this world) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense middle voice of root vid (to be, to exist)

Root: vid (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (adhyātma) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Direct object of saṃpravakṣyāmi.

ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Dative case here.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of saṃpravakṣyāmi.

संप्रवक्ष्यामि (saṁpravakṣyāmi) - I will fully explain (I will fully explain, I will declare)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vakṣ

Future tense of root vac/brū with upasargas sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (adhyātma) (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Possessive, referring to adhyātmam.

व्याख्याम् (vyākhyām) - explanation (explanation, exposition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyākhyā

vyākhyā - explanation, interpretation, exposition

from vi + ā + khyā (to tell)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Direct object of śṛṇu.

इमाम् (imām) - this (explanation) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies vyākhyām.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to me) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active voice of root śru

Root: śru (class 5)