महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-239, verse-16

रजस्तमश्च सत्त्वं च त्रय एते स्वयोनिजाः ।
समाः सर्वेषु भूतेषु तद्गुणेषूपलक्षयेत् ॥१६॥

16. rajastamaśca sattvaṁ ca traya ete svayonijāḥ ,
samāḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tadguṇeṣūpalakṣayet.

16. rajas tamaḥ ca sattvam ca trayaḥ ete svayonijāḥ
samāḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tat-guṇeṣu upalakṣayet

16. rajas tamaḥ ca sattvam ca ete trayaḥ svayonijāḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu samāḥ (santi); (vijñātā) tat-guṇeṣu upalakṣayet.

16. Rajas, Tamas, and Sattva—these three, born from their own origins, are present equally in all beings. One should perceive them through their respective qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• रजस् (rajas) - the quality (guṇa) of passion or activity (passion, activity, impurity, one of the three qualities of nature)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of darkness or inertia (darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three qualities of nature)

• च (ca) - and

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of goodness or purity (goodness, purity, existence, one of the three qualities of nature)

• च (ca) - and

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• एते (ete) - these

• स्वयोनिजाः (svayonijāḥ) - born from their own source/origin

• समाः (samāḥ) - present equally (equal, similar, impartial)

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - in all living beings (in beings, in elements, in creatures)

• तत्-गुणेषु (tat-guṇeṣu) - in the qualities pertaining to those (Rajas, Tamas, Sattva) (in their qualities, in those qualities)

• उपलक्षयेत् (upalakṣayet) - one should perceive, one should observe

Words meanings and morphology

रजस् (rajas) - the quality (guṇa) of passion or activity (passion, activity, impurity, one of the three qualities of nature)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, twilight, menstrual discharge, passion, activity, one of the three qualities (guṇa) of nature (prakṛti)

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of darkness or inertia (darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three qualities of nature)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, illusion, inertia, one of the three qualities (guṇa) of nature (prakṛti)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of goodness or purity (goodness, purity, existence, one of the three qualities of nature)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, essence, goodness, purity, intelligence, one of the three qualities (guṇa) of nature (prakṛti)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this, these

स्वयोनिजाः (svayonijāḥ) - born from their own source/origin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svayonija

svayonija - born from one's own source, self-generated

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+yoni+ja)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• yoni – source, origin, womb, place of birth
  noun (feminine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

समाः (samāḥ) - present equally (equal, similar, impartial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, impartial, level, uniform

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - in all living beings (in beings, in elements, in creatures)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत्-गुणेषु (tat-guṇeṣu) - in the qualities pertaining to those (Rajas, Tamas, Sattva) (in their qualities, in those qualities)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tadguṇa

tadguṇa - that quality, a quality belonging to it/them

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+guṇa)

• tad – that, those
  pronoun (neuter)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, thread
  noun (masculine)

उपलक्षयेत् (upalakṣayet) - one should perceive, one should observe

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of upalakṣ

Optative Mood

Derived from root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, observe) with prefix 'upa-'

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 10)