महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-189, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
चातुराश्रम्यमुक्तं ते राजधर्मास्तथैव च ।
नानाश्रयाश्च बहव इतिहासाः पृथग्विधाः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
cāturāśramyamuktaṁ te rājadharmāstathaiva ca ,
nānāśrayāśca bahava itihāsāḥ pṛthagvidhāḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca cāturāśramyam uktam te rājadharmāḥ
tathā eva ca nānāśrayāḥ ca bahavaḥ itihāsāḥ pṛthakvidhāḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: te cāturāśramyam uktam,
tathā eva ca rājadharmāḥ,
ca bahavaḥ nānāśrayāḥ pṛthakvidhāḥ itihāsāḥ

1. Yudhishthira said: "You have explained the system of the four stages of life (āśrama), as well as the duties of kings (dharma). Also, many diverse historical narratives (itihāsa) have been recounted."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - the system of four āśramas (stages of life)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, explained

• ते (te) - by you (referring to Bhishma/speaker) (by you)

• राजधर्माः (rājadharmāḥ) - the constitutional duties of kings (dharma), royal laws (the duties of kings)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, likewise

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly, just

• च (ca) - and, also

• नानाश्रयाः (nānāśrayāḥ) - of various supports, of various forms/natures

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• इतिहासाः (itihāsāḥ) - historical narratives, epics, histories

• पृथक्विधाः (pṛthakvidhāḥ) - of various kinds, diverse

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

yudhi (locative of yudh, battle) + sthira (steady)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

from root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - the system of four āśramas (stages of life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturāśramya

cāturāśramya - the system or duties of the four āśramas

from catur-āśrama + ṣyañ (taddhita)

Compound type : tatpurusha (catur+āśrama)

• catur – four
  numeral
• āśrama – stage of life, hermitage, spiritual retreat (āśrama)
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from ā-śram + ghañ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, explained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

from vac + kta

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - by you (referring to Bhishma/speaker) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Archaic/poetic usage for instrumental singular

राजधर्माः (rājadharmāḥ) - the constitutional duties of kings (dharma), royal laws (the duties of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - the duty of a king, royal law, constitutional duty of a ruler (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ + man
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, likewise

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नानाश्रयाः (nānāśrayāḥ) - of various supports, of various forms/natures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānāśraya

nānāśraya - various supports, diverse आश्रय (refuge, basis)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nānā+āśraya)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• āśraya – refuge, support, asylum, basis, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from ā-śri + ac
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

इतिहासाः (itihāsāḥ) - historical narratives, epics, histories

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, tradition, epic, historical narrative (itihāsa)

iti-ha-āsa (it happened thus)

Root: as (class 2)

पृथक्विधाः (pṛthakvidhāḥ) - of various kinds, diverse

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthakvidha

pṛthakvidha - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthak+vidha)

• pṛthak – separately, diversely, individually
  indeclinable
  Root: pṛth (class 6)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, type
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)