महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-156, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माणां संकरो न प्रशस्यते ।
अविकारितमं सत्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
cāturvarṇyasya dharmāṇāṁ saṁkaro na praśasyate ,
avikāritamaṁ satyaṁ sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca cāturvarṇyasya dharmāṇām saṃkaraḥ na
praśasyate avikāritamam satyam sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: cāturvarṇyasya dharmāṇām saṃkaraḥ na praśasyate.
bhārata,
satyam sarvavarṇeṣu avikāritamam.

3. Bhishma said: The intermingling of the duties (dharma) of the four social orders (cāturvarṇya) is not commended. O Bhārata, truth (satya) is the most unchangeable principle among all social orders (varṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, speaking (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social orders (cāturvarṇya) (of the four social orders, of the system of four classes)

• धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of the duties (dharma) (of duties, of righteousness, of natural laws)

• संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - the intermingling (of duties) (mixing, intermingling, confusion, hybrid)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised (is not praised) (is praised, is commended, is recommended)

• अविकारितमम् (avikāritamam) - the most unchangeable (truth) (most unchangeable, most immutable, most unaltered)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (fundamental principle) (truth, reality, genuineness, sincerity)

• सर्ववर्णेषु (sarvavarṇeṣu) - among all social orders (varṇas) (in all social orders, among all classes)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, speaking (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character), terrible, formidable

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense, irregular form from root 'vac'.

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social orders (cāturvarṇya) (of the four social orders, of the system of four classes)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four social orders, the four classes/castes

Derived from 'caturvarṇa' (four social orders) with 'ya' suffix meaning 'relating to'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varṇa – color, class, social order, caste
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmāṇām'.

धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of the duties (dharma) (of duties, of righteousness, of natural laws)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'saṃkaraḥ' (mixing of duties).

संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - the intermingling (of duties) (mixing, intermingling, confusion, hybrid)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkara

saṁkara - mixing, intermingling, confusion, hybridization, a mixed breed

From 'sam' (together) + 'kṛ' (to make, do).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'na praśasyate'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'praśasyate'.

प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised (is not praised) (is praised, is commended, is recommended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of praśas

From 'pra' (forth, strongly) + 'śas' (to praise, commend).

Prefix: pra

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Passive voice for 'saṃkaraḥ'.

अविकारितमम् (avikāritamam) - the most unchangeable (truth) (most unchangeable, most immutable, most unaltered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avikāritama

avikāritama - most unchangeable, most unaltered

superlative adjective

Superlative degree (suffix '-tama') of 'avikārin' (unchangeable). The prefix 'a-' negates 'vikārin'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vikārin)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vikārin – changing, mutable, subject to alteration
  adjective
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from 'vikāra' (change), which is from 'vi' (apart) + 'kṛ' (to do, make) + '-a' suffix for noun, then '-in' for agent adjective.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Superlative adjective qualifying 'satyam'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (fundamental principle) (truth, reality, genuineness, sincerity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness, sincerity, a true thing

From 'sat' (being, existence) + 'ya' suffix. Lit. 'that which is'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Also accusative singular neuter. Here seems nominative as subject.

सर्ववर्णेषु (sarvavarṇeṣu) - among all social orders (varṇas) (in all social orders, among all classes)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa

sarvavarṇa - all social orders, all classes

Compound type : karmadharaya (sarva+varṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• varṇa – color, class, social order, caste
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates location or scope.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata or India

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener.