महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-156, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
सत्यं धर्मे प्रशंसन्ति विप्रर्षिपितृदेवताः ।
सत्यमिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
satyaṁ dharme praśaṁsanti viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ ,
satyamicchāmyahaṁ śrotuṁ tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | satyam dharme praśaṃsanti viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ
| satyam icchāmi aham śrotum tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ dharme satyam
praśaṃsanti aham satyam śrotum icchāmi he pitāmaha! tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: "Brahmins, sages, ancestors, and gods praise truth in relation to natural law (dharma). I wish to hear about truth, so please tell me that, O Grandfather."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• धर्मे (dharme) - in the context of moral or cosmic law (dharma) (in natural law, in the constitution, concerning intrinsic nature)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

• विप्रर्षिपितृदेवताः (viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ) - Brahmins, sages, ancestors, and gods

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• अहम् (aham) - I

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, to listen

• तत् (tat) - the truth (satyam) (that, it)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (Yudhishthira's grandfather) (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

"firm in battle" (yudhi sthira)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

from sat (being, existing, true)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of praśaṃsanti.

धर्मे (dharme) - in the context of moral or cosmic law (dharma) (in natural law, in the constitution, concerning intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religion

from dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: "In relation to dharma" or "regarding dharma".

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विप्रर्षिपितृदेवताः (viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ) - Brahmins, sages, ancestors, and gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viprarṣipitṛdevatā

viprarṣipitṛdevatā - Brahmins, sages, ancestors, and gods (a collective group)

Compound type : dvandva (vipra+ṛṣi+pitṛ+devatā)

• vipra – Brahmin, inspired, wise
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• devatā – divinity, god
  noun (feminine)

Note: Collective noun for the agents of praising.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

from sat (being, existing, true)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of icchāmi.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of icchāmi.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, to listen

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

तत् (tat) - the truth (satyam) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of brūhi.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative, 2nd person singular of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (Yudhishthira's grandfather) (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, Brahma (as a proper noun)