महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-133, verse-20

शिष्ट्यर्थं विहितो दण्डो न वधार्थं विनिश्चयः ।
ये च शिष्टान्प्रबाधन्ते धर्मस्तेषां वधः स्मृतः ॥२०॥

20. śiṣṭyarthaṁ vihito daṇḍo na vadhārthaṁ viniścayaḥ ,
ye ca śiṣṭānprabādhante dharmasteṣāṁ vadhaḥ smṛtaḥ.

20. śiṣṭyartham vihitaḥ daṇḍaḥ na vadhārtham viniścayaḥ
ye ca śiṣṭān prabādhante dharmaḥ teṣām vadhaḥ smṛtaḥ

20. daṇḍaḥ śiṣṭyartham vihitaḥ na vadhārtham viniścayaḥ
ca ye śiṣṭān prabādhante teṣām vadhaḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ

20. Punishment (daṇḍa) is prescribed for the sake of discipline and order, not for execution; this is the established principle. And for those who oppress the virtuous, their destruction is considered their natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• शिष्ट्यर्थम् (śiṣṭyartham) - for the purpose of discipline, for the sake of order

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - prescribed, ordained, arranged

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, mace

• न (na) - not, no

• वधार्थम् (vadhārtham) - for the purpose of killing, for execution

• विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - determination, conclusion, established rule

• ये (ye) - those who

• च (ca) - and, also

• शिष्टान् (śiṣṭān) - the disciplined, the virtuous

• प्रबाधन्ते (prabādhante) - they oppress, they hinder, they torment

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, destruction

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, declared

Words meanings and morphology

शिष्ट्यर्थम् (śiṣṭyartham) - for the purpose of discipline, for the sake of order

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śiṣṭi+artha)

• śiṣṭi – discipline, order, instruction
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - prescribed, ordained, arranged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - prescribed, ordained, arranged

Past Passive Participle

From verb root dhā (3) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, mace

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, chastisement

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वधार्थम् (vadhārtham) - for the purpose of killing, for execution

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+artha)

• vadha – killing, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - determination, conclusion, established rule

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - determination, conclusion, decision, certainty

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शिष्टान् (śiṣṭān) - the disciplined, the virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, virtuous, educated, learned

Past Passive Participle

From verb root śiṣ (2)

Root: śiṣ (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive.

प्रबाधन्ते (prabādhante) - they oppress, they hinder, they torment

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prabādh

Present Tense

From root bādh (1) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bādh (class 1)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential quality

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, destruction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, destruction, striking

Root: han (class 2)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, traditional, lawful

Past Passive Participle

From verb root smṛ (1)

Root: smṛ (class 1)