महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-133, verse-13

कापव्य उवाच ।
मा वधीस्त्वं स्त्रियं भीरुं मा शिशुं मा तपस्विनम् ।
नायुध्यमानो हन्तव्यो न च ग्राह्या बलात्स्त्रियः ॥१३॥

13. kāpavya uvāca ,
mā vadhīstvaṁ striyaṁ bhīruṁ mā śiśuṁ mā tapasvinam ,
nāyudhyamāno hantavyo na ca grāhyā balātstriyaḥ.

13. kāpavyaḥ uvāca mā vadhīḥ tvam
striyam bhīrum mā śiśum mā
tapasvinam na āyudhyamānaḥ hantavyaḥ
na ca grāhyāḥ balāt striyaḥ

13. kāpavyaḥ uvāca tvam bhīrum striyam
mā vadhīḥ mā śiśum mā tapasvinam
ca na āyudhyamānaḥ hantavyaḥ
na ca striyaḥ balāt grāhyāḥ

13. Kāpavya said: 'You should not kill a timid woman, a child, or an ascetic. One who is not fighting should not be slain, and women should not be forcibly seized.'

Words meanings summery:

• कापव्यः (kāpavyaḥ) - Kāpavya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

• वधीः (vadhīḥ) - kill (prohibitive aorist)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman

• भीरुम् (bhīrum) - timid, fearful

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

• शिशुम् (śiśum) - child, infant

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

• तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - an ascetic

• न (na) - not

• आयुध्यमानः (āyudhyamānaḥ) - one who is not fighting, non-combatant (due to 'na') (one who is fighting, combatant)

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed/slain

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• ग्राह्याः (grāhyāḥ) - should be seized/taken

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

Words meanings and morphology

कापव्यः (kāpavyaḥ) - Kāpavya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāpavya

kāpavya - Kāpavya (name of a rishi or character)

Nominative singular of 'kāpavya' (masculine a-stem)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada, 'vacati'), perfect tense 'uvāca'

Root: vac (class 2)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

वधीः (vadhīḥ) - kill (prohibitive aorist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of vadh

aorist, 2nd person singular

Prohibitive aorist from √vadh (1st class 'vadhati'), 'mā vadhīḥ' means 'do not kill'

Root: vadh (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Accusative singular of 'strī' (feminine ī-stem)

भीरुम् (bhīrum) - timid, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhīru

bhīru - timid, fearful, afraid

Accusative singular of 'bhīru' (u-stem), qualifying 'striyam'

Root: bhī

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

शिशुम् (śiśum) - child, infant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiśu

śiśu - child, infant, young one

Accusative singular of 'śiśu' (masculine u-stem)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - an ascetic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, practitioner of austerity (tapas)

Accusative singular of 'tapasvin' (masculine n-stem)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आयुध्यमानः (āyudhyamānaḥ) - one who is not fighting, non-combatant (due to 'na') (one who is fighting, combatant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyudhyamāna

āyudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

present passive participle

Nominative singular masculine of 'āyudhyamāna', derived from √yudh with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed/slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, killable, fit to be killed

gerundive

Nominative singular masculine of 'hantavya', gerundive of √han

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ग्राह्याः (grāhyāḥ) - should be seized/taken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of grāhya

grāhya - to be seized, to be taken, to be accepted

gerundive

Nominative plural feminine of 'grāhya', gerundive of √grah

Root: grah (class 9)

बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, power

Ablative singular of 'bala' (neuter a-stem)

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Nominative plural of 'strī' (feminine ī-stem)