महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-131, verse-9

उद्यच्छेदेव न ग्लायेदुद्यमो ह्येव पौरुषम् ।
अप्यपर्वणि भज्येत न नमेतेह कस्यचित् ॥९॥

9. udyacchedeva na glāyedudyamo hyeva pauruṣam ,
apyaparvaṇi bhajyeta na nameteha kasyacit.

9. udyacchet eva na glāyet udyamaḥ hi eva pauruṣam
api aparvaṇi bhajyeta na nameta iha kasyacit

9. udyacchet eva na glāyet hi eva udyamaḥ pauruṣam
api aparvaṇi bhajyeta iha kasyacit na nameta

9. One should always exert oneself and never become disheartened, for indeed, effort (udyamḥ) is true valor. Even if one were to be defeated at an inopportune moment, one should not bow down to anyone here.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्यच्छेत् (udyacchet) - one should exert, one should strive

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

• न (na) - not, no

• ग्लायेत् (glāyet) - one should be disheartened, one should be weary, one should wither

• उद्यमः (udyamaḥ) - effort, exertion, endeavor

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• अपर्वणि (aparvaṇi) - at an improper time, at a difficult time, at an inopportune moment

• भज्येत (bhajyeta) - one should be broken, one should be defeated

• न (na) - not, no

• नमेत (nameta) - one should bow, one should salute

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone, for anyone

Words meanings and morphology

उद्यच्छेत् (udyacchet) - one should exert, one should strive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √yam

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: ud

Root: √yam (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

ग्लायेत् (glāyet) - one should be disheartened, one should be weary, one should wither

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √glā

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: √glā (class 2)

उद्यमः (udyamaḥ) - effort, exertion, endeavor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyama

udyama - effort, exertion, endeavor

derived from √yam with ud-

Action noun, masculine

Prefix: ud

Root: √yam (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle, often implying cause or emphasis.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort, human being

Derived from puruṣa, neuter

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

अपर्वणि (aparvaṇi) - at an improper time, at a difficult time, at an inopportune moment

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of aparvan

aparvan - not a joint, not a knot, not a division (of time), improper time, inopportune moment

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'parvan' (joint, division, auspicious time). Neuter.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parvan)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• parvan – joint, knot, division, festival, auspicious time, moment
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun

Note: Locative case indicating 'at' or 'in'.

भज्येत (bhajyeta) - one should be broken, one should be defeated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √bhaj

Optative Mood, Ātmanepada, Passive Voice

3rd person singular, passive voice, from root 'bhaj'

Root: √bhaj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

नमेत (nameta) - one should bow, one should salute

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √nam

Optative Mood, Ātmanepada

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada in the sense of 'bowing down to oneself' or 'bending oneself'.

Root: √nam (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone, for anyone

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone

Compound of 'ka' (who) and 'cid' (an emphatic or indefinite particle).

Note: The genitive `kasyacit` is used here with `nameta` (to bow *to* whom).