महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-131, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
स्वराष्ट्रात्परराष्ट्राच्च कोशं संजनयेन्नृपः ।
कोशाद्धि धर्मः कौन्तेय राज्यमूलः प्रवर्तते ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
svarāṣṭrātpararāṣṭrācca kośaṁ saṁjanayennṛpaḥ ,
kośāddhi dharmaḥ kaunteya rājyamūlaḥ pravartate.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | svarāṣṭrāt pararāṣṭrāt ca kośaṃ saṃjanayet
nṛpaḥ | kośāt hi dharmaḥ kaunteya rājyamūlaḥ pravartate

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kaunteya nṛpaḥ svarāṣṭrāt pararāṣṭrāt ca
kośaṃ saṃjanayet hi kośāt rājyamūlaḥ dharmaḥ pravartate

1. Bhishma said: A king should amass a treasury (kośa) from his own kingdom and from other kingdoms. Indeed, O Kaunteya, it is from the treasury that the intrinsic nature (dharma) of kingship, which is the very foundation of the state, proceeds and is sustained.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma (speaking to Yudhishthira) (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्वराष्ट्रात् (svarāṣṭrāt) - from one's own kingdom/country

• परराष्ट्रात् (pararāṣṭrāt) - from another kingdom/country

• च (ca) - and, also

• कोशं (kośaṁ) - the state treasury (treasury, fund, sheath)

• संजनयेत् (saṁjanayet) - should generate, should create, should collect

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• कोशात् (kośāt) - from the treasury/fund

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature or fundamental principle of governance and state operation (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Addressing Arjuna, son of Kunti (O son of Kunti)

• राज्यमूलः (rājyamūlaḥ) - root of the kingdom, foundation of the state

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, operates, is sustained, comes into being

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma (speaking to Yudhishthira) (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Reduplicated perfect form of √vac

स्वराष्ट्रात् (svarāṣṭrāt) - from one's own kingdom/country

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of svarāṣṭra

svarāṣṭra - one's own kingdom, one's own country, indigenous territory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+rāṣṭra)

• sva – own, self, one's own
  pronoun (neuter)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, state
  noun (neuter)

परराष्ट्रात् (pararāṣṭrāt) - from another kingdom/country

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pararāṣṭra

pararāṣṭra - another kingdom, foreign country

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+rāṣṭra)

• para – other, foreign, supreme
  adjective (neuter)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, state
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कोशं (kośaṁ) - the state treasury (treasury, fund, sheath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, fund, financial resource, sheath, casket

संजनयेत् (saṁjanayet) - should generate, should create, should collect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of saṃ-jan

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

कोशात् (kośāt) - from the treasury/fund

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, fund, financial resource, sheath, casket

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature or fundamental principle of governance and state operation (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Addressing Arjuna, son of Kunti (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Patronymic from Kuntī

राज्यमूलः (rājyamūlaḥ) - root of the kingdom, foundation of the state

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājyamūla

rājyamūla - the root or foundation of the kingdom/state

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+mūla)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, rule
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation, cause
  noun (masculine)

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, operates, is sustained, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)