महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-131, verse-11
एकान्तेन ह्यमर्यादात्सर्वोऽप्युद्विजते जनः ।
दस्यवोऽप्युपशङ्कन्ते निरनुक्रोशकारिणः ॥११॥
दस्यवोऽप्युपशङ्कन्ते निरनुक्रोशकारिणः ॥११॥
11. ekāntena hyamaryādātsarvo'pyudvijate janaḥ ,
dasyavo'pyupaśaṅkante niranukrośakāriṇaḥ.
dasyavo'pyupaśaṅkante niranukrośakāriṇaḥ.
11.
ekāntena hi amaryādāt sarvaḥ api udvijate janaḥ
dasyavaḥ api upaśaṅkante niranukrośakāriṇaḥ
dasyavaḥ api upaśaṅkante niranukrośakāriṇaḥ
11.
hi ekāntena amaryādāt sarvaḥ api janaḥ udvijate
dasyavaḥ api niranukrośakāriṇaḥ upaśaṅkante
dasyavaḥ api niranukrośakāriṇaḥ upaśaṅkante
11.
Indeed, everyone is utterly terrified of one who is entirely without moral limits. Even robbers fear those who act without compassion.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एकान्तेन (ekāntena) - utterly, entirely, absolutely, exclusively
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- अमर्यादात् (amaryādāt) - from one who has no moral limits, from the unrestrained
- सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every, everyone
- अपि (api) - even, also, although
- उद्विजते (udvijate) - is terrified, shrinks back, trembles
- जनः (janaḥ) - person, people, mankind
- दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - robbers, bandits
- अपि (api) - even, also, although
- उपशङ्कन्ते (upaśaṅkante) - they fear, they suspect
- निरनुक्रोशकारिणः (niranukrośakāriṇaḥ) - those who act without mercy, those who are merciless doers
Words meanings and morphology
एकान्तेन (ekāntena) - utterly, entirely, absolutely, exclusively
(indeclinable)
Instrumental singular of ekānta, used as an adverb.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+anta)
- eka – one, single, alone
numeral/adjective (masculine) - anta – end, limit, boundary
noun (masculine)
Masculine noun
Note: Functions adverbially.
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
Note: Connective particle, often implying cause or emphasis.
अमर्यादात् (amaryādāt) - from one who has no moral limits, from the unrestrained
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, singular of amaryāda
amaryāda - one who is unrestrained, without limits, lawless, having no moral constitution (dharma)
Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'maryāda' (limit, moral rule). Masculine.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+maryādā)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - maryādā – limit, boundary, moral law, constitution (dharma)
noun (feminine)
Feminine noun, but in a compound, it functions adjectivally to describe a person who lacks it, thus taking masculine gender here.
Note: Ablative case indicating cause or source of fear.
सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every, everyone
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Masculine, pronominal declension.
अपि (api) - even, also, although
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic, "even".
उद्विजते (udvijate) - is terrified, shrinks back, trembles
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √vij
Present Tense, Ātmanepada
3rd person singular, active (middle) voice
Prefix: ud
Root: √vij (class 6)
जनः (janaḥ) - person, people, mankind
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jana
jana - man, person, people, creature
Masculine noun
दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - robbers, bandits
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dasyu
dasyu - robber, bandit, barbarian, evil-doer
Masculine noun
Note: Subject of `upaśaṅkante`.
अपि (api) - even, also, although
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic, "even".
उपशङ्कन्ते (upaśaṅkante) - they fear, they suspect
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √śaṅk
Present Tense, Ātmanepada
3rd person plural, active (middle) voice. From √śaṅk with prefix upa-.
Prefix: upa
Root: √śaṅk (class 1)
निरनुक्रोशकारिणः (niranukrośakāriṇaḥ) - those who act without mercy, those who are merciless doers
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of niranukrośakārin
niranukrośakārin - merciless doer, one who acts without compassion
Compound of nir (without) + anukrośa (compassion) + kārin (doer). Masculine.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+anukrośa+kārin)
- nir – without, devoid of
indeclinable
Negative prefix - anukrośa – compassion, pity, mercy
noun (masculine)
Masculine noun - kārin – doer, agent, causing, performing
adjective/noun (masculine)
Agent noun from √kṛ
Masculine noun, 'one who does'
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of `upaśaṅkante`.