महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-7, verse-2

विदुर उवाच ।
शृणु भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि मार्गस्यैतस्य विस्तरम् ।
यच्छ्रुत्वा विप्रमुच्यन्ते संसारेभ्यो विचक्षणाः ॥२॥

2. vidura uvāca ,
śṛṇu bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi mārgasyaitasya vistaram ,
yacchrutvā vipramucyante saṁsārebhyo vicakṣaṇāḥ.

2. viduraḥ uvāca śṛṇu bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi mārgasya etasya
vistaram yat śrutvā vipramucyante saṃsārebhyaḥ vicakṣaṇāḥ

2. viduraḥ uvāca śṛṇu bhūyaḥ etasya mārgasya vistaram
pravakṣyāmi yat śrutvā vicakṣaṇāḥ saṃsārebhyaḥ vipramucyante

2. Vidura said: 'Listen again! I will describe the full extent of this path, by hearing which, the discerning ones are liberated from the cycles of transmigration (saṃsāra).'

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen!, hear!

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will declare

• मार्गस्य (mārgasya) - of the path, of the way

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this (masculine/neuter singular genitive)

• विस्तरम् (vistaram) - extent, detail, elaboration, expansion

• यत् (yat) - refers to 'vistaram' (which, that which (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• विप्रमुच्यन्ते (vipramucyante) - they are liberated, they are released

• संसारेभ्यः (saṁsārebhyaḥ) - from transmigrations (saṃsāra), from worldly existences

• विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) - the discerning ones, the wise ones, the intelligent

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen!, hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

Root verb śru, 5th class, Parasmaipada, 2nd person singular imperative.

Root: śru (class 5)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of bahu (much), used adverbially.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will declare

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of pra-vac

Future Tense

Future tense (lṛṭ) 1st person singular, Parasmaipada, from root vac with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

मार्गस्य (mārgasya) - of the path, of the way

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course

एतस्य (etasya) - of this (masculine/neuter singular genitive)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with mārgasya.

विस्तरम् (vistaram) - extent, detail, elaboration, expansion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - extension, expansion, diffusion, detailed explanation

From root stṛ with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

यत् (yat) - refers to 'vistaram' (which, that which (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

विप्रमुच्यन्ते (vipramucyante) - they are liberated, they are released

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vi-pra-muc

Passive voice, present tense

From root muc (to free, release) with prefixes vi and pra. Passive voice, 3rd person plural present tense, Atmanepada.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: muc (class 6)

संसारेभ्यः (saṁsārebhyaḥ) - from transmigrations (saṃsāra), from worldly existences

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigration, cycle of birth and death, worldly existence

From root sṛ with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) - the discerning ones, the wise ones, the intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicakṣaṇa

vicakṣaṇa - discerning, intelligent, wise, skilful

From root cakṣ (to see, perceive) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: cakṣ (class 2)