महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-5, verse-21

वृक्षप्रपाताच्च भयं मूषकेभ्यश्च पञ्चमम् ।
मधुलोभान्मधुकरैः षष्ठमाहुर्महद्भयम् ॥२१॥

21. vṛkṣaprapātācca bhayaṁ mūṣakebhyaśca pañcamam ,
madhulobhānmadhukaraiḥ ṣaṣṭhamāhurmahadbhayam.

21. vṛkṣaprapātāt ca bhayam mūṣakebhyaḥ ca pañcamam
madhulobhāt madhukaraiḥ ṣaṣṭham āhuḥ mahat bhayam

21. ca vṛkṣaprapātāt bhayam,
ca mūṣakebhyaḥ pañcamam (bhayam).
madhukaraiḥ madhulobhāt ṣaṣṭham mahat bhayam āhuḥ.

21. And fear arises from the fall of the tree, and the fifth (danger) is from the mice. The sixth, a great danger, they say, comes from the desire for honey (madhulobha), caused by the bees.

Words meanings summery:

• वृक्षप्रपातात् (vṛkṣaprapātāt) - from the fall of the tree

• च (ca) - and, also

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

• मूषकेभ्यः (mūṣakebhyaḥ) - Refers to the mice allegorically representing the passage of time (days and nights). (from the mice, on account of the mice)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - The fifth danger. (fifth)

• मधुलोभात् (madhulobhāt) - The desire for the fleeting pleasures (honey) of worldly life. (from the desire for honey, owing to greed for honey)

• मधुकरैः (madhukaraiḥ) - by the bees, by the honey-makers

• षष्ठम् (ṣaṣṭham) - The sixth danger. (sixth)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

Words meanings and morphology

वृक्षप्रपातात् (vṛkṣaprapātāt) - from the fall of the tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣaprapāta

vṛkṣaprapāta - fall of a tree, falling from a tree

Compound of 'vṛkṣa' (tree) and 'prapāta' (fall, precipice).

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+prapāta)

• vṛkṣa – tree, plant
  noun (masculine)
• prapāta – fall, falling down, precipice, abyss
  noun (masculine)
  From √pat (to fall) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, danger

From √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

मूषकेभ्यः (mūṣakebhyaḥ) - Refers to the mice allegorically representing the passage of time (days and nights). (from the mice, on account of the mice)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of mūṣaka

mūṣaka - mouse, rat

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - The fifth danger. (fifth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

Ordinal number from 'pañcan' (five).

Note: Agrees with implied 'bhayam' (fear/danger).

मधुलोभात् (madhulobhāt) - The desire for the fleeting pleasures (honey) of worldly life. (from the desire for honey, owing to greed for honey)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of madhulobha

madhulobha - desire for honey, greed for honey

Compound of 'madhu' (honey) and 'lobha' (greed, desire).

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madhu+lobha)

• madhu – honey, sweet, wine
  noun (neuter)
• lobha – greed, desire, covetousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √lubh (to covet).
  Root: lubh (class 4)

मधुकरैः (madhukaraiḥ) - by the bees, by the honey-makers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of madhukara

madhukara - honey-maker, bee; a person addicted to sweet things

Compound of 'madhu' (honey) and 'kara' (maker).

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (madhu+kara)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• kara – maker, doer, causing
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

षष्ठम् (ṣaṣṭham) - The sixth danger. (sixth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṣaṣṭha

ṣaṣṭha - sixth

Ordinal number from 'ṣaṣ' (six).

Note: Agrees with 'bhayam' (fear/danger) as the object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Irregular perfect form of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, noble

Note: Agrees with 'bhayam'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, danger

From √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.