महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-5, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
यदिदं धर्मगहनं बुद्ध्या समनुगम्यते ।
एतद्विस्तरशः सर्वं बुद्धिमार्गं प्रशंस मे ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
yadidaṁ dharmagahanaṁ buddhyā samanugamyate ,
etadvistaraśaḥ sarvaṁ buddhimārgaṁ praśaṁsa me.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca yat idam dharmagahanam buddhyā
samanugamyate etat vistaraśaḥ sarvam buddhimārgam praśaṃsa me

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca: yat idam dharmagahanam buddhyā samanugamyate,
etat sarvam buddhimārgam vistaraśaḥ me praśaṃsa

1. Dhritarashtra said: "Please describe to me in detail this entire intellectual path (buddhimārga) by which this profound subject of natural law (dharma) is comprehended."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to `dharmagahanam`) (this, this one)

• धर्मगहनम् (dharmagahanam) - profound subject of natural law (dharma) (profound matter of natural law (dharma), deep mystery of duty)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence (by intellect, by understanding, by wisdom)

• समनुगम्यते (samanugamyate) - is comprehended (is understood, is followed, is comprehended)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the path of intellect) (this)

• विस्तरशः (vistaraśaḥ) - in detail, extensively

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• बुद्धिमार्गम् (buddhimārgam) - intellectual path (path of intellect, intellectual method)

• प्रशंस (praśaṁsa) - describe, explain (explain, describe, praise (imperative))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I'))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

He who upholds the kingdom (dhṛta-rāṣṭra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice, from root vac (irregular, strong form of perfect stem)

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun

Note: Functions as the subject of the subordinate clause.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to `dharmagahanam`) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

धर्मगहनम् (dharmagahanam) - profound subject of natural law (dharma) (profound matter of natural law (dharma), deep mystery of duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmagahana

dharmagahana - profound subject of natural law, deep mystery of dharma/duty

Compound of dharma (natural law) and gahana (deep, dense, difficult to penetrate)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+gahana)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• gahana – deep, dense, impenetrable, difficult
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: gah

Note: The compound takes the gender of the last member, here `gahana`.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence (by intellect, by understanding, by wisdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, wisdom

From root budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

समनुगम्यते (samanugamyate) - is comprehended (is understood, is followed, is comprehended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of samanugam

Present Passive

Present 3rd person singular, passive voice, from root gam (class 1) with prefixes sam-anu-

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: gam (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the path of intellect) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

विस्तरशः (vistaraśaḥ) - in detail, extensively

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -śas indicating 'by means of' or 'in the manner of'

Note: Adverbial.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Pronominal adjective

Note: Adjective to `buddhimārgam`.

बुद्धिमार्गम् (buddhimārgam) - intellectual path (path of intellect, intellectual method)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of buddhimārga

buddhimārga - path of intellect, intellectual way, way of wisdom

Compound of buddhi (intellect) and mārga (path)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhi+mārga)

• buddhi – intellect, intelligence, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• mārga – path, road, way, course
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

प्रशंस (praśaṁsa) - describe, explain (explain, describe, praise (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of praśaṃs

Imperative Active

Imperative 2nd person singular, active voice, from root śaṃs (class 1) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Enclitic dative/genitive singular form of 'asmad'