महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-5, verse-19

तत्रैव च मनुष्यस्य जीविताशा प्रतिष्ठिता ।
कृष्णाः श्वेताश्च तं वृक्षं कुट्टयन्ति स्म मूषकाः ॥१९॥

19. tatraiva ca manuṣyasya jīvitāśā pratiṣṭhitā ,
kṛṣṇāḥ śvetāśca taṁ vṛkṣaṁ kuṭṭayanti sma mūṣakāḥ.

19. tatra eva ca manuṣyasya jīvitāśā pratiṣṭhitā
kṛṣṇāḥ śvetāḥ ca tam vṛkṣam kuṭṭayanti sma mūṣakāḥ

19. ca manuṣyasya jīvitāśā tatra eva pratiṣṭhitā.
kṛṣṇāḥ ca śvetāḥ mūṣakāḥ tam vṛkṣam kuṭṭayanti sma.

19. And precisely there, the hope for life (jīvitāśā) of man is firmly established. Black and white mice were gnawing at that tree.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, precisely

• च (ca) - and, also

• मनुष्यस्य (manuṣyasya) - of man, of a human being

• जीविताशा (jīvitāśā) - hope for life, desire to live

• प्रतिष्ठिता (pratiṣṭhitā) - established, fixed, founded, dependent

• कृष्णाः (kṛṣṇāḥ) - Refers to the black mice (representing nights). (black ones, dark ones)

• श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - Refers to the white mice (representing days). (white ones, bright ones)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine)

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

• कुट्टयन्ति (kuṭṭayanti) - Were gnawing, referring to mice. (gnaw, cut, pound)

• स्म (sma) - Converts the present tense verb 'kuṭṭayanti' into a past continuous action. ((particle used to express past tense with present verbs))

• मूषकाः (mūṣakāḥ) - Refers to the black and white mice, allegorically representing days and nights. (mice, rats)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, precisely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मनुष्यस्य (manuṣyasya) - of man, of a human being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

जीविताशा (jīvitāśā) - hope for life, desire to live

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jīvitāśā

jīvitāśā - hope for life, desire for living

Compound of 'jīvita' (life) and 'āśā' (hope).

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jīvita+āśā)

• jīvita – life, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From √jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• āśā – hope, desire, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  From √āś (to eat, to reach) with prefix ā-.
  Root: āś (class 5)

प्रतिष्ठिता (pratiṣṭhitā) - established, fixed, founded, dependent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, standing, resting upon, dependent

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvitāśā'.

कृष्णाः (kṛṣṇāḥ) - Refers to the black mice (representing nights). (black ones, dark ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue; a proper name (Krishna)

Note: Agrees with 'mūṣakāḥ'.

श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - Refers to the white mice (representing days). (white ones, bright ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śveta

śveta - white, bright, pure

Note: Agrees with 'mūṣakāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree, plant

कुट्टयन्ति (kuṭṭayanti) - Were gnawing, referring to mice. (gnaw, cut, pound)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of kuṭṭay

Present Active Indicative

From √kuṭṭ (to cut, to pound). Denominative verb from 'kuṭṭa' (a fragment).

Root: kuṭṭ (class 10)

स्म (sma) - Converts the present tense verb 'kuṭṭayanti' into a past continuous action. ((particle used to express past tense with present verbs))

(indeclinable)

मूषकाः (mūṣakāḥ) - Refers to the black and white mice, allegorically representing days and nights. (mice, rats)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūṣaka

mūṣaka - mouse, rat