महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-22, verse-16

अहो धिग्दुःशलां पश्य वीतशोकभयामिव ।
शिरो भर्तुरनासाद्य धावमानामितस्ततः ॥१६॥

16. aho dhigduḥśalāṁ paśya vītaśokabhayāmiva ,
śiro bharturanāsādya dhāvamānāmitastataḥ.

16. aho dhik duḥśalām paśya vītaśokabhayām iva
śiraḥ bhartuḥ anāsādya dhāvamānām itaḥ tataḥ

16. aho dhik duḥśalām paśya vītaśokabhayām iva
bhartuḥ śiraḥ anāsādya itaḥ tataḥ dhāvamānām

16. Alas! Shame on Duḥśalā! See Duḥśalā, who appears as if free from sorrow and fear (vītaśokabhayā), running here and there without having found her husband's head (śiraḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - expression of lament or surprise (Oh! Alas!)

• धिक् (dhik) - an exclamation of reproach or sorrow, followed by accusative (fie! shame! cursed be! alas!)

• दुःशलाम् (duḥśalām) - Duḥśalā (a proper name)

• पश्य (paśya) - see! behold! look!

• वीतशोकभयाम् (vītaśokabhayām) - devoid of sorrow and fear, free from grief and terror

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband, of the maintainer

• अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - without obtaining, without reaching, not having found

• धावमानाम् (dhāvamānām) - running, rushing

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hither, here

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thither, there, then

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - expression of lament or surprise (Oh! Alas!)

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - an exclamation of reproach or sorrow, followed by accusative (fie! shame! cursed be! alas!)

(indeclinable)

दुःशलाम् (duḥśalām) - Duḥśalā (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥśalā

duḥśalā - Duḥśalā (proper name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's daughter)

Note: Object of 'dhik' and 'paśya'.

पश्य (paśya) - see! behold! look!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Present Imperative Active

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with `śya` suffix in present stem (class 4), imperative 2nd singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वीतशोकभयाम् (vītaśokabhayām) - devoid of sorrow and fear, free from grief and terror

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vītaśokabhaya

vītaśokabhaya - devoid of sorrow and fear

Bahuvrihi compound: 'vīta' (gone, past) + 'śoka' (sorrow) + 'bhaya' (fear).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vīta+śoka+bhaya)

• vīta – gone, passed, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'vi-' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, terror
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular feminine, modifying Duḥśalā.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top

Note: Object of 'anāsādya'. Nominative/Accusative form of 'śiras'.

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband, of the maintainer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, lord, maintainer

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain) with agent suffix 'tṛ'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Genitive singular, modifying 'śiraḥ'.

अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - without obtaining, without reaching, not having found

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Negative particle 'an-' + upasarga 'ā-' + root 'sad' (to sit, approach) with suffix 'lyap' (for compound verbs).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (an+ā+sad)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āsādya – having obtained, having reached
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Upasarga 'ā-' + root 'sad' (to sit, approach) with suffix 'lyap'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indeclinable past participle (absolutive).

धावमानाम् (dhāvamānām) - running, rushing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhāvamāna

dhāvamāna - running, rushing

Present Middle Participle

From root 'dhāv' (to run) with present middle participle suffix 'śānac'.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular feminine, modifying Duḥśalā.

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hither, here

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'tataḥ' to mean 'here and there'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thither, there, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'itaḥ' to mean 'here and there'.