महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-22, verse-15

किं नु दुःखतरं कृष्ण परं मम भविष्यति ।
यत्सुता विधवा बाला स्नुषाश्च निहतेश्वराः ॥१५॥

15. kiṁ nu duḥkhataraṁ kṛṣṇa paraṁ mama bhaviṣyati ,
yatsutā vidhavā bālā snuṣāśca nihateśvarāḥ.

15. kim nu duḥkhataram kṛṣṇa param mama bhaviṣyati
yat sutā vidhavā bālā snuṣāḥ ca nihateśvarāḥ

15. kṛṣṇa kim nu param duḥkhataram mama bhaviṣyati
yat bālā sutā vidhavā ca snuṣāḥ nihateśvarāḥ

15. O Krishna, what greater sorrow could there be for me than this: my young daughter (sutā bālā) is a widow, and my daughters-in-law (snuṣāḥ) have had their husbands killed (nihateśvarāḥ)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what? why?)

• नु (nu) - emphasizes the question (indeed, then, now, surely)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful, worse

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - Krishna (a name of God)

• परम् (param) - here, suggesting 'further' or 'greater' in extent (supreme, excellent, greatest, further)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

• यत् (yat) - introduces the subordinate clause explaining 'what sorrow' (that, because, which)

• सुता (sutā) - daughter

• विधवा (vidhavā) - widow

• बाला (bālā) - young girl, girl, child

• स्नुषाः (snuṣāḥ) - daughters-in-law

• च (ca) - and

• निहतेश्वराः (nihateśvarāḥ) - whose lords/husbands are killed

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Can be an interrogative pronoun or adverb.

नु (nu) - emphasizes the question (indeed, then, now, surely)

(indeclinable)

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful, worse

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful

Comparative form of 'duḥkha' (pain, sorrow).

Note: Neuter nominative singular, serving as predicate.

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - Krishna (a name of God)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna, dark, black

परम् (param) - here, suggesting 'further' or 'greater' in extent (supreme, excellent, greatest, further)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, other, further, greatest

Note: Neuter nominative singular, modifying 'duḥkhataram'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Active

From root 'bhū' (to be) with future suffix 'sya' and personal ending.

Root: bhū (class 1)

यत् (yat) - introduces the subordinate clause explaining 'what sorrow' (that, because, which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction 'that', introducing the cause or consequence.

सुता (sutā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sutā

sutā - daughter

Derived from root 'sū' (to give birth) with 'kta' affix, meaning 'born', then feminine suffix 'ṭāp'.

Root: sū (class 2)

विधवा (vidhavā) - widow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidhavā

vidhavā - widow

From 'vi-' (without) and 'dhava' (husband).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+dhava)

• vi – without, away, apart
  indeclinable
• dhava – husband, lord
  noun (masculine)

बाला (bālā) - young girl, girl, child

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - young girl, girl, child

स्नुषाः (snuṣāḥ) - daughters-in-law

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of snuṣā

snuṣā - daughter-in-law

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निहतेश्वराः (nihateśvarāḥ) - whose lords/husbands are killed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nihateśvara

nihateśvara - whose lord/husband is killed

Bahuvrihi compound: 'nihata' (killed) + 'īśvara' (lord, husband).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nihata+īśvara)

• nihata – killed, struck down
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with upasarga 'ni-' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• īśvara – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Feminine nominative plural of the bahuvrihi compound, referring to the daughters-in-law.