महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-222, verse-8

यदा स भक्षितस्तेन क्षुधितेन पतत्रिणा ।
तदाहं तमनुज्ञाप्य प्रत्युपायां गृहान्प्रति ॥८॥

8. yadā sa bhakṣitastena kṣudhitena patatriṇā ,
tadāhaṁ tamanujñāpya pratyupāyāṁ gṛhānprati.

8. yadā saḥ bhakṣitaḥ tena kṣudhitena patatriṇā
tadā aham tam anujñāpya prati upāyām gṛhān prati

8. When that mouse was devoured by the hungry bird, I then took leave of the hawk and returned home.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• सः (saḥ) - that mouse (implied) (he, that)

• भक्षितः (bhakṣitaḥ) - eaten, devoured

• तेन (tena) - by the hawk (by him, by that)

• क्षुधितेन (kṣudhitena) - by the hungry hawk (by the hungry one)

• पतत्रिणा (patatriṇā) - by the hawk (by the bird, by the winged creature)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तम् (tam) - the hawk (him, that)

• अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having asked leave of, having dismissed

• प्रति (prati) - back, towards

• उपायाम् (upāyām) - I returned, I approached

• गृहान् (gṛhān) - to the houses, home

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that mouse (implied) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भक्षितः (bhakṣitaḥ) - eaten, devoured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhakṣita

bhakṣita - eaten, devoured, consumed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhakṣ (1st class) + kta suffix

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by the hawk (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the hawk.

क्षुधितेन (kṣudhitena) - by the hungry hawk (by the hungry one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣudh (4th class) + kta suffix

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'patatriṇā'.

पतत्रिणा (patatriṇā) - by the hawk (by the bird, by the winged creature)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of patatrin

patatrin - bird, winged animal

Note: Refers to the hawk.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

asmad - I, we

तम् (tam) - the hawk (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the hawk.

अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having asked leave of, having dismissed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from causative of root jñā (9th class) with prefix anu, and lyap suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रति (prati) - back, towards

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a verbal prefix in the verb 'pratyupāyām'.

उपायाम् (upāyām) - I returned, I approached

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-i

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound verb 'pratyupāyām'.

गृहान् (gṛhān) - to the houses, home

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

प्रति (prati) - towards, to

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs 'gṛhān'.