महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-222, verse-12

शार्ङ्गका ऊचुः ।
न त्वं मिथ्योपचारेण मोक्षयेथा भयं महत् ।
समाकुलेषु ज्ञानेषु न बुद्धिकृतमेव तत् ॥१२॥

12. śārṅgakā ūcuḥ ,
na tvaṁ mithyopacāreṇa mokṣayethā bhayaṁ mahat ,
samākuleṣu jñāneṣu na buddhikṛtameva tat.

12. śārṅgakāḥ ūcuḥ na tvam mithyā upacāreṇa mokṣayethāḥ
bhayam mahat samākuleṣu jñāneṣu na buddhikṛtam eva tat

12. The Śārṅgakas said: 'You must not relieve our great fear with false assurances. When understanding is confused, such a statement is certainly not based on reason.'

Words meanings summery:

• शार्ङ्गकाः (śārṅgakāḥ) - The young Śārṅgaka birds (sons of Jaritā) (The Śārṅgakas)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - Addressing Jaritā (you)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, untrue

• उपचारेण (upacāreṇa) - by false consolation or false assurance (by treatment, by service, by consolation)

• मोक्षयेथाः (mokṣayethāḥ) - you should release, you should free

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• समाकुलेषु (samākuleṣu) - confused, agitated, disturbed, thrown into disorder

• ज्ञानेषु (jñāneṣu) - in knowledge, in understandings

• न (na) - not, no

• बुद्धिकृतम् (buddhikṛtam) - done by intellect, based on reason

• एव (eva) - truly, indeed, only

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the previous statement or 'your statement' (that, it)

Words meanings and morphology

शार्ङ्गकाः (śārṅgakāḥ) - The young Śārṅgaka birds (sons of Jaritā) (The Śārṅgakas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārṅgaka

śārṅgaka - a kind of bird, a partridge

derivative of śṛṅga (horn) or related to śāraṅga (spotted, deer, type of bird)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

root vac, perfect 3rd plural

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - Addressing Jaritā (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, untrue

(indeclinable)

Note: acts as a qualifier for 'upacāreṇa'

उपचारेण (upacāreṇa) - by false consolation or false assurance (by treatment, by service, by consolation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upacāra

upacāra - treatment, service, compliment, consolation, practice

upasarga upa + root car (to move, act)

Prefix: upa

Root: car (class 1)

मोक्षयेथाः (mokṣayethāḥ) - you should release, you should free

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhilin) of mokṣ

Optative Mood (Causative)

root muc (to free) + niC (causative suffix) -> mocayati, then optative 2nd singular ātmanepada

Root: muc (class 6)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

Root: bhī (class 3)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present Active Participle

root mah (to grow), pap, present active participle

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: modifies 'bhayam'

समाकुलेषु (samākuleṣu) - confused, agitated, disturbed, thrown into disorder

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of samākula

samākula - confused, agitated, crowded, filled with

upasarga sam + ā + root kul (to be agitated)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: kul (class 1)

ज्ञानेषु (jñāneṣu) - in knowledge, in understandings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, understanding, cognition

derived from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिकृतम् (buddhikṛtam) - done by intellect, based on reason

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddhikṛta

buddhikṛta - done by the intellect, made by understanding

Past Passive Participle as second part of compound

compound of buddhi (intellect) and kṛta (done)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhi+kṛta)

• buddhi – intellect, reason, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root budh (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root kṛ (to do, make), ppp
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - truly, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the previous statement or 'your statement' (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: refers to the proposition presented earlier