महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-222, verse-1

जरितोवाच ।
अस्माद्बिलान्निष्पतितं श्येन आखुं जहार तम् ।
क्षुद्रं गृहीत्वा पादाभ्यां भयं न भविता ततः ॥१॥

1. jaritovāca ,
asmādbilānniṣpatitaṁ śyena ākhuṁ jahāra tam ,
kṣudraṁ gṛhītvā pādābhyāṁ bhayaṁ na bhavitā tataḥ.

1. jaritā uvāca asmāt bilāt niṣpatitam śyenaḥ ākhum jahāra
tam kṣudram gṛhītvā pādābhyām bhayam na bhavitā tataḥ

1. Jaritā said: 'A hawk, having emerged from this hole, carried away that mouse, grasping the small creature with its feet. Consequently, there will be no fear from it anymore.'

Words meanings summery:

• जरिता (jaritā) - Jaritā, the mother bird (Jaritā (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (hole) (from this)

• बिलात् (bilāt) - from the hole (the nest) (from the hole, out of the burrow)

• निष्पतितम् (niṣpatitam) - having emerged (from the hole) (fallen out, flown out, having emerged)

• श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - hawk (hawk, eagle, falcon)

• आखुम् (ākhum) - the mouse (that was a threat) (mouse, rat)

• जहार (jahāra) - carried away, seized (carried away, took away, seized)

• तम् (tam) - that (mouse) (him, that)

• क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - the small creature (mouse) (small, tiny, insignificant, mean)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having grasped (having seized, having taken, having grasped)

• पादाभ्याम् (pādābhyām) - with its two feet (with two feet, by two feet)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread, danger)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भविता (bhavitā) - will be (will be, shall be)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that (mouse), therefore, afterwards (from that, thence, therefore, afterwards)

Words meanings and morphology

जरिता (jaritā) - Jaritā, the mother bird (Jaritā (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jaritā

jaritā - Jaritā (name of a female bird in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

root verb, perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (hole) (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of id

id - this

From pronominal stem 'idam'

Note: Agrees with 'bilāt'.

बिलात् (bilāt) - from the hole (the nest) (from the hole, out of the burrow)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - hole, burrow, cavern, cavity

निष्पतितम् (niṣpatitam) - having emerged (from the hole) (fallen out, flown out, having emerged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣpatita

niṣpatita - fallen out, flown out, descended, emerged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall, fly) with prefix nis- and suffix -ta

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śyenaḥ'. Though passive participle, it often acts actively in such constructions.

श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - hawk (hawk, eagle, falcon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, eagle, falcon

Note: Subject of the sentence 'śyenaḥ jahāra'.

आखुम् (ākhum) - the mouse (that was a threat) (mouse, rat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākhu

ākhu - mouse, rat

Note: Object of the verb 'jahāra'.

जहार (jahāra) - carried away, seized (carried away, took away, seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hṛ

root verb, perfect tense (lit) of √hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (mouse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ākhum'.

क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - the small creature (mouse) (small, tiny, insignificant, mean)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, tiny, minute, insignificant, mean, vile

Note: Agrees with 'ākhum'.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having grasped (having seized, having taken, having grasped)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root √grah (to seize, take) with suffix -tvā

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: An absolutive (gerund) verb form.

पादाभ्याम् (pādābhyām) - with its two feet (with two feet, by two feet)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter

Note: Refers to the hawk's two feet.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread, danger)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

action noun from √bhī

Derived from root √bhī (to fear) with suffix -a

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'bhavitā'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

भविता (bhavitā) - will be (will be, shall be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṭ) of bhū

root verb, periphrastic future (luṭ)

Root: bhū (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - from that (mouse), therefore, afterwards (from that, thence, therefore, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad'