महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-217, verse-17

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा वृत्रहा तेभ्यः स्वयमेवान्ववेक्ष्य च ।
खाण्डवस्य विमोक्षार्थं प्रययौ हरिवाहनः ॥१७॥

17. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tacchrutvā vṛtrahā tebhyaḥ svayamevānvavekṣya ca ,
khāṇḍavasya vimokṣārthaṁ prayayau harivāhanaḥ.

17. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tat śrutvā vṛtrahā tebhyaḥ svayam eva
anvavekṣya ca khāṇḍavasya vimokṣārtham prayayau harivāhanaḥ

17. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having heard that from them, and having personally investigated the situation for the release of Khāṇḍava, the slayer of Vṛtra (Vṛtrahā), who has Hari as his mount (Harivāhana), set out.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तत् (tat) - that (the gods' statement) (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वृत्रहा (vṛtrahā) - slayer of Vṛtra (Indra) (slayer of Vṛtra)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from the gods (from them, to them)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally, spontaneously

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• अन्ववेक्ष्य (anvavekṣya) - having investigated, having observed

• च (ca) - and, also

• खाण्डवस्य (khāṇḍavasya) - of Khāṇḍava (forest)

• विमोक्षार्थम् (vimokṣārtham) - for the release of Khāṇḍava (for the purpose of liberation/release)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth, proceeded

• हरिवाहनः (harivāhanaḥ) - Indra, who has Hari as his mount (having Hari as his vehicle, Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

Patronymic from viśampāyana.

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root vac (to speak), perfect uvāca.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (the gods' statement) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Accusative singular neuter of tad.

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

वृत्रहा (vṛtrahā) - slayer of Vṛtra (Indra) (slayer of Vṛtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtrahan

vṛtrahan - slayer of Vṛtra (epithet of Indra)

Compound vṛtra (name of a demon) + han (slayer).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vṛtra+han)

• vṛtra – Name of a demon, enemy of Indra.
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• han – killer, slayer, striking
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from han.
  Suffix a / in from root han.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of prayayau.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from the gods (from them, to them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Dative/Ablative plural masculine/neuter of tad.

Note: Source of hearing.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Reflexive pronoun in adverbial use.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes svayam.

अन्ववेक्ष्य (anvavekṣya) - having investigated, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Formed with suffix ya after prefixes anu and ava with root īkṣ.

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects śrutvā and anvavekṣya.

खाण्डवस्य (khāṇḍavasya) - of Khāṇḍava (forest)

(proper noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of khāṇḍava

khāṇḍava - Name of a forest near Kurukṣetra, also a demon.

From khaṇḍa (part) meaning 'full of sections/parts' or referring to a specific entity.

Note: Connects to vimokṣārtham.

विमोक्षार्थम् (vimokṣārtham) - for the release of Khāṇḍava (for the purpose of liberation/release)

(indeclinable)

Compound vimokṣa (release) + artha (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vimokṣa+artha)

• vimokṣa – liberation, release, setting free (mokṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root muc with prefix vi.
  From vi + muc + ghañ suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: muc (class 6)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Adverbial use.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of prayā

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root yā (to go) with prefix pra. Perfect form yayau, with pra it becomes prayayau.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हरिवाहनः (harivāhanaḥ) - Indra, who has Hari as his mount (having Hari as his vehicle, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harivāhana

harivāhana - having bay-horses (Hari) as vehicle (epithet of Indra)

Compound hari (bay-horse) + vāhana (vehicle). Hari refers to Indra's horses.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hari+vāhana)

• hari – bay-colored, yellowish-brown (often refers to horses), Vishnu
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• vāhana – vehicle, mount, carrier
  noun (neuter/masculine)
  Derived from root vah (to carry).
  From vah + ana suffix.
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of prayayau, another epithet for Indra.