महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-217, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तौ रथाभ्यां नरव्याघ्रौ दावस्योभयतः स्थितौ ।
दिक्षु सर्वासु भूतानां चक्राते कदनं महत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tau rathābhyāṁ naravyāghrau dāvasyobhayataḥ sthitau ,
dikṣu sarvāsu bhūtānāṁ cakrāte kadanaṁ mahat.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tau rathābhyām naravyāghrau dāvasya
ubhayataḥ sthitau dikṣu sarvāsu bhūtānām cakrāte kadanam mahat

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Those two tiger-like men (naravyāghrau), stationed in their chariots on both sides of the forest fire (dāva), wrought great destruction upon the creatures in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the narrator, Sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa (those two)

• रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām) - with two chariots, by means of two chariots

• नरव्याघ्रौ (naravyāghrau) - those two eminent warriors, like tigers among men (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (two tiger-like men, two best of men)

• दावस्य (dāvasya) - of the forest fire

• उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides, from both sides

• स्थितौ (sthitau) - stationed (standing, situated, positioned)

• दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions, in the quarters

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• चक्राते (cakrāte) - they made, they caused, they performed

• कदनम् (kadanam) - destruction, slaughter, killing

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the narrator, Sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (to speak), reduplicated perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Often used to introduce speech.

तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa.

रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām) - with two chariots, by means of two chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Instrument by which they were positioned.

नरव्याघ्रौ (naravyāghrau) - those two eminent warriors, like tigers among men (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (two tiger-like men, two best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, eminent warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to tau, referring to Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa.

दावस्य (dāvasya) - of the forest fire

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, conflagration

Root: du (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to ubhayataḥ.

उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides, from both sides

(indeclinable)

Derived from ubhaya (both) + tas (suffix for 'from/on')

Note: Adverbial modifier of sthitau.

स्थितौ (sthitau) - stationed (standing, situated, positioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tau and naravyāghrau.

दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions, in the quarters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Indicates location.

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies dikṣu.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element; what has been

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to kadanam.

चक्राते (cakrāte) - they made, they caused, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

Root kṛ (to do), reduplicated perfect form, middle voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The dual ending applies to tau naravyāghrau.

कदनम् (kadanam) - destruction, slaughter, killing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - destruction, slaughter, killing

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Object of cakrāte.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Note: Qualifies kadanam.