महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-162, verse-7

क्षुत्पिपासापरिश्रान्तं तर्कयामास तं नृपम् ।
पतितं पातनं संख्ये शात्रवाणां महीतले ॥७॥

7. kṣutpipāsāpariśrāntaṁ tarkayāmāsa taṁ nṛpam ,
patitaṁ pātanaṁ saṁkhye śātravāṇāṁ mahītale.

7. kṣutpipāsāpariśrāntam tarkayām āsa tam nṛpam
patitam pātanam saṅkhye śātravāṇām mahītale

7. He considered that king, who, though exhausted by hunger and thirst and fallen on the ground, was still the vanquisher of enemies in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुत्पिपासापरिश्रान्तम् (kṣutpipāsāpariśrāntam) - exhausted by hunger and thirst

• तर्कयाम् (tarkayām) - he considered, he thought

• आस (āsa) - was, he was

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

• पातनम् (pātanam) - vanquisher (overthrowing, felling, vanquisher)

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in war

• शात्रवाणाम् (śātravāṇām) - of enemies

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुत्पिपासापरिश्रान्तम् (kṣutpipāsāpariśrāntam) - exhausted by hunger and thirst

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣutpipāsāpariśrānta

kṣutpipāsāpariśrānta - exhausted by hunger and thirst

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from kṣutpipāsā (hunger and thirst) and pariśrānta (exhausted). pariśrānta is from root śram (to be weary) with prefix pari and kta suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣutpipāsā+pariśrānta)

• kṣutpipāsā – hunger and thirst
  noun (feminine)
  Dvandva compound of kṣudh (hunger) and pipāsā (thirst).
• pariśrānta – exhausted, wearied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śram (to be weary) with prefix pari and kta suffix.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Modifies nṛpam.

तर्कयाम् (tarkayām) - he considered, he thought

(indeclinable)

Periphrastic Perfect

From root tark (to consider, guess) in the ām-suffix form. Forms the periphrastic perfect with as (to be).

Root: tark (class 10)

Note: Part of the periphrastic perfect verb tarkayām āsa.

आस (āsa) - was, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of as

Past Perfect

Root as, perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms the periphrastic perfect verb tarkayām āsa.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Modifies nṛpam.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, from root pā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agentive suffix from root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of tarkayām āsa.

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall) + kta suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies nṛpam.

पातनम् (pātanam) - vanquisher (overthrowing, felling, vanquisher)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātana

pātana - causing to fall, felling, overthrowing, destruction; one who causes to fall

From causal of root pat (pātay) + ana suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies nṛpam, implying 'one who causes to fall'.

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, number

From sam + khyā (to count, to calculate), or associated with saṃ-khyā (gathering, reckoning). In context of battle, it implies the gathering/reckoning of forces.

Root: khyā (class 2)

शात्रवाणाम् (śātravāṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śātravā

śātravā - hostile, enemy (adjective used substantively)

Derived from śatru (enemy) with the aṇ suffix, referring to enemies as a group or plural.

Note: Possessive, connected to pātanam.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound of mahī (earth) and tala (surface, ground).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, palm
  noun (neuter)