महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-162, verse-10

ततस्तस्याज्ञया राज्ञो विप्रतस्थे महद्बलम् ।
स तु राजा गिरिप्रस्थे तस्मिन्पुनरुपाविशत् ॥१०॥

10. tatastasyājñayā rājño vipratasthe mahadbalam ,
sa tu rājā giriprasthe tasminpunarupāviśat.

10. tataḥ tasya ājñayā rājñaḥ vipratasthe mahat balam
saḥ tu rājā giriprasthe tasmin punaḥ upāviśat

10. Then, by that king's command, his great army departed. But the king himself sat down again on that mountain slope.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• आज्ञया (ājñayā) - by command, by order

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• विप्रतस्थे (vipratasthe) - departed, dispersed

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• बलम् (balam) - army (army, force)

• सः (saḥ) - he

• तु (tu) - but (but, however)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• गिरिप्रस्थे (giriprasthe) - on the mountain slope/plateau

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he sat down (he sat down, he entered)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad + tas suffix.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, of him

Note: Possessive, refers to the king.

आज्ञया (ājñayā) - by command, by order

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ājñā

ājñā - command, order, permission

From root jñā (to know) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Possessive, modifies ājñayā.

विप्रतस्थे (vipratasthe) - departed, dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of vipratastha

Past Perfect

Root sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi and pra, perfect 3rd singular middle (ātmanepada).

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Present Active Participle

From root mah (to grow, be great) or man (to think) + ṣatṛ suffix. Used here as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying balam.

बलम् (balam) - army (army, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Subject of vipratasthe.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Masculine nominative singular form.

Note: Subject.

तु (tu) - but (but, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the king, subject of upāviśat.

गिरिप्रस्थे (giriprasthe) - on the mountain slope/plateau

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of giriprastha

giriprastha - mountain slope, mountain plateau, table-land

Compound of giri (mountain) and prastha (plateau, slope, expanse). prastha is from root sthā (to stand) with prefix pra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+prastha)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṝ (class 6)
• prastha – table-land, plateau, slope, top of a mountain
  noun (neuter)
  From root sthā (to stand) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Masculine/Neuter locative singular form.

Note: Modifies giriprasthe.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable particle.

Note: Modifies upāviśat.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he sat down (he sat down, he entered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of upaviś

Imperfect

Root viś (to enter) with prefix upa, imperfect 3rd singular active. The long ā is characteristic of this particular form.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)