महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-152, verse-12

ततः प्रगणयामासुः कस्य वारोऽद्य भोजने ।
ज्ञात्वा चागम्य तं विप्रं पप्रच्छुः सर्व एव तत् ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ pragaṇayāmāsuḥ kasya vāro'dya bhojane ,
jñātvā cāgamya taṁ vipraṁ papracchuḥ sarva eva tat.

12. tataḥ pragaṇayām āsuḥ kasya vāraḥ adya bhojane
jñātvā ca āgamya tam vipram papracchuḥ sarve eva tat

12. Then they calculated whose turn it was for the meal today. And having known, they approached that brahmin and all of them asked him that.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• प्रगणयाम् (pragaṇayām) - enumerating, counting (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were, they existed, they became (here, part of periphrastic perfect)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• वारः (vāraḥ) - turn, opportunity

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• भोजने (bhojane) - for the meal, at the meal, in the meal

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, understanding

• च (ca) - and

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having approached, having come

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• विप्रम् (vipram) - the brahmin

• पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - they asked

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तत् (tat) - that (thing), this

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Avyaya formed from pronominal base tad + suffix tas.

प्रगणयाम् (pragaṇayām) - enumerating, counting (part of periphrastic perfect)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pragaṇayā

pragaṇayā - counting, reckoning, enumerating

Accusative form of a verbal noun derived from the causative stem of √gaṇ (to count) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Forms a periphrastic perfect with 'āsuḥ'.

आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were, they existed, they became (here, part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of as

Perfect active

Perfect 3rd person plural of √as. Used with verbal nouns for periphrastic perfect.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a periphrastic perfect with 'pragaṇayām'.

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वारः (vāraḥ) - turn, opportunity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāra

vāra - turn, occasion, time, opportunity

Root: vṛ

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Formed from idam + dyā.

भोजने (bhojane) - for the meal, at the meal, in the meal

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - eating, meal, food

Derived from √bhuj (to eat).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of purpose or context.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √jñā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आगम्य (āgamya) - having approached, having come

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √gam with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms an absolutive with a prefix.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

विप्रम् (vipram) - the brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, learned person, inspired one

Root: vip

पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - they asked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect active

Perfect 3rd person plural of √prach.

Root: prach (class 6)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis to 'sarve'.

तत् (tat) - that (thing), this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this