महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-104, verse-21

पुरा नाम तु तस्यासीद्वसुषेण इति श्रुतम् ।
ततो वैकर्तनः कर्णः कर्मणा तेन सोऽभवत् ॥२१॥

21. purā nāma tu tasyāsīdvasuṣeṇa iti śrutam ,
tato vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ karmaṇā tena so'bhavat.

21. purā nāma tu tasya āsīt vasuṣeṇa iti śrutam
tataḥ vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ karmaṇā tena saḥ abhavat

21. Previously, his well-known name was Vasuṣeṇa. Subsequently, through that action (karma), he became Karṇa, the son of the Sun god (Vaikartana).

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, certainly

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• वसुषेण (vasuṣeṇa) - Vasuṣeṇa (proper name)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, famous, renowned

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter, subsequently

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - son of Vikaṛtana (the Sun god), an epithet of Karṇa

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by ritual

• तेन (tena) - by that, by him

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: as (class 2)

वसुषेण (vasuṣeṇa) - Vasuṣeṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasuṣeṇa

vasuṣeṇa - Vasuṣeṇa (proper name, an earlier name of Karṇa)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter, subsequently

(indeclinable)

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - son of Vikaṛtana (the Sun god), an epithet of Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikaṛtana (the Sun god), Karṇa

Derived from Vikaṛtana (Sun god) with a patronymic suffix.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by ritual

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, ritual, consequence of action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तेन (tena) - by that, by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)