महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-104, verse-16

स वर्धमानो बलवान्सर्वास्त्रेषूद्यतोऽभवत् ।
आ पृष्ठतापादादित्यमुपतस्थे स वीर्यवान् ॥१६॥

16. sa vardhamāno balavānsarvāstreṣūdyato'bhavat ,
ā pṛṣṭhatāpādādityamupatasthe sa vīryavān.

16. saḥ vardhamānaḥ balavān sarvāstreṣu udyataḥ abhavat
ā pṛṣṭhatāpāt ādityam upatasthe saḥ vīryavān

16. As he grew up, that powerful one became skilled in all weapons. That valorous one worshipped the Sun (āditya) by heating his back (facing the sun).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - growing, increasing, thriving

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

• सर्वास्त्रेषु (sarvāstreṣu) - in all weapons, in all missiles

• उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged, skilled

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

• आ (ā) - up to, until, towards, completely

• पृष्ठतापात् (pṛṣṭhatāpāt) - from the heating of the back

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - to the Sun, to the son of Aditi

• उपतस्थे (upatasthe) - he approached, he worshipped, he stood near

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, strong

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - growing, increasing, thriving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, thriving, prospering

Present Active Participle

Root vṛdh + śānac

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous

Derived from bala (strength) with suffix -vat

सर्वास्त्रेषु (sarvāstreṣu) - in all weapons, in all missiles

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvāstra

sarvāstra - all weapons, all missiles

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+astra)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged, skilled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - prepared, ready, active, engaged, skilled, risen

Past Passive Participle

Root yam with prefix ud + kta

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

आ (ā) - up to, until, towards, completely

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठतापात् (pṛṣṭhatāpāt) - from the heating of the back

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭhatāpa

pṛṣṭhatāpa - heating of the back (e.g., by the sun, as a form of penance)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+tāpa)

• pṛṣṭha – back, rear
  noun (neuter)
• tāpa – heat, burning, pain, penance
  noun (masculine)
  Root tap + ghañ
  Root: tap (class 1)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - to the Sun, to the son of Aditi

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the Sun, a solar deity, son of Aditi

Derived from Aditi

उपतस्थे (upatasthe) - he approached, he worshipped, he stood near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valorous, powerful, strong, heroic, energetic

Derived from vīrya (valor) with suffix -vat