योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-72, verse-13

तत्स्वामाकाशतां चैतच्चेत्यमित्यवबुध्यते ।
स्वरूपमत्यजन्नित्यं चित्त्वाद्भवति चेतनम् ॥ १३ ॥

tatsvāmākāśatāṃ caitaccetyamityavabudhyate ,
svarūpamatyajannityaṃ cittvādbhavati cetanam 13

13. tat svām ākāśatām ca etat cetyam iti avabudhyate
svarūpam atyajan nityam cittvāt bhavati cetanam

13. ca etat tat svām ākāśatām iti cetyam avabudhyate
(tat) svarūpam atyajan nityam cittvāt cetanam bhavati

13. And this (universe) is understood as its (that supreme consciousness') own spatial nature (ākāśatā) and as an object of thought (cetya). Without abandoning its essential nature (svarūpa), that (consciousness) eternally becomes conscious (cetana) by virtue of its very nature as consciousness (cit).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (supreme consciousness/reality from previous verse) (that, it)

• स्वाम् (svām) - its own (one's own, own)

• आकाशताम् (ākāśatām) - spatial nature, the nature of space (spaceness, the nature of space)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एतत् (etat) - this (universe) (this, this world)

• चेत्यम् (cetyam) - an object of thought (perceivable, knowable, object of thought)

• इति (iti) - as (thus, in this manner, as)

• अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - is understood, is perceived (is understood, is perceived, is known)

• स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - its essential nature (svarūpa) (one's own form, essential nature)

• अत्यजन् (atyajan) - without abandoning (not abandoning, not giving up)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally (always, eternally)

• चित्त्वात् (cittvāt) - by virtue of its very nature as consciousness (cit) (due to consciousness, because of being consciousness)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, happens)

• चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious, sentient (conscious, sentient, animate)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (supreme consciousness/reality from previous verse) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

Note: Also accusative singular.

स्वाम् (svām) - its own (one's own, own)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own

Reflexive possessive pronoun, feminine accusative singular.

आकाशताम् (ākāśatām) - spatial nature, the nature of space (spaceness, the nature of space)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ākāśatā

ākāśatā - spaceness, the state or nature of space

Derived from ākāśa (space) with suffix tā (abstract noun suffix). Feminine accusative singular.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एतत् (etat) - this (universe) (this, this world)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

चेत्यम् (cetyam) - an object of thought (perceivable, knowable, object of thought)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetya

cetya - to be thought, knowable, perceivable, an object of thought

Gerundive

From root cit (to perceive, know) with suffix ya. Neuter nominative singular.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Also accusative singular.

इति (iti) - as (thus, in this manner, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing or concluding a thought/quotation.

अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - is understood, is perceived (is understood, is perceived, is known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present indicative

From root budh (to know) with prefix ava-. 3rd person singular, middle voice. Here, root budh (4th class, budhyate).

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - its essential nature (svarūpa) (one's own form, essential nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svarūpa

svarūpa - one's own form, essential nature, identity

Compound of sva (own) + rūpa (form). Neuter accusative singular.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+rūpa)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
  Reflexive pronoun.
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the participle atyajan.

अत्यजन् (atyajan) - without abandoning (not abandoning, not giving up)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atyajat

atyajat - not abandoning, not giving up

Present Active Participle

From root tyaj (to abandon) with prefix a- (negation). Nominative singular, neuter.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+tyajat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tyajat – abandoning, giving up
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root tyaj (to abandon).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied tat (the ultimate reality).

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally (always, eternally)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of nitya (eternal).

चित्त्वात् (cittvāt) - by virtue of its very nature as consciousness (cit) (due to consciousness, because of being consciousness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of cittva

cittva - the state of being consciousness, consciousness

Abstract noun from cit (consciousness) with suffix tva. Neuter ablative singular.

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present indicative

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious, sentient (conscious, sentient, animate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetana

cetana - conscious, sentient, animate, mind, intelligence

From root cit (to perceive, to know). Neuter nominative singular.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Also accusative singular. Predicate nominative for bhavati.

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