योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-62, verse-5

यो ज्ञो महात्मन्सततं तिष्ठन्त्यवहरंश्च वा ।
असमाहितचित्तोऽसौ कदा भवति कः किल ॥ ५ ॥

yo jño mahātmansatataṃ tiṣṭhantyavaharaṃśca vā ,
asamāhitacitto'sau kadā bhavati kaḥ kila 5

5. yaḥ jñaḥ mahātman satatam tiṣṭhan avaharan ca
vā asamāhitacittaḥ asau kadā bhavati kaḥ kila

5. mahātman yaḥ jñaḥ satatam tiṣṭhan vā avaharan
ca asau asamāhitacittaḥ kadā kaḥ kila bhavati

5. O great soul (mahātman), who indeed is that knower who, whether constantly abiding (in the Self (ātman)) or withdrawing (from external activities), still has an unsettled mind? And when does such a state occur?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• ज्ञः (jñaḥ) - knower, wise person

• महात्मन् (mahātman) - O great soul (mahātman), O noble one

• सततम् (satatam) - always, continuously, perpetually

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - Remaining in one's true nature or engaged in actions. (standing, remaining, abiding, being)

• अवहरन् (avaharan) - withdrawing from external activities or sense objects. (taking away, removing, diverting, withdrawing)

• च (ca) - and

• वा (vā) - or, either

• असमाहितचित्तः (asamāhitacittaḥ) - one whose mind is unsettled/unconcentrated

• असौ (asau) - that one, he

• कदा (kadā) - when? at what time?

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• किल (kila) - indeed, surely, they say

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

Relative pronoun.

ज्ञः (jñaḥ) - knower, wise person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knower, knowing, wise, intelligent

From root jñā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

महात्मन् (mahātman) - O great soul (mahātman), O noble one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, exalted soul (mahātman)

Compound mahā (great) + ātman (Self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat.
• ātman – Self, soul, essence, breath (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

सततम् (satatam) - always, continuously, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From sa (with) + tata (stretched out, extended).

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective satata, used adverbially.

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - Remaining in one's true nature or engaged in actions. (standing, remaining, abiding, being)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to remain, to abide, to be

Present Active Participle

Derived from root sthā, 1st class, present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing jñaḥ.

अवहरन् (avaharan) - withdrawing from external activities or sense objects. (taking away, removing, diverting, withdrawing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ava-hṛ

hṛ - to carry, to take, to seize

Present Active Participle

Derived from root hṛ with prefix ava, present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing jñaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Disjunctive conjunction.

असमाहितचित्तः (asamāhitacittaḥ) - one whose mind is unsettled/unconcentrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asamāhitacitta

asamāhitacitta - having an unsettled mind, unconcentrated mind

Past Passive Participle

Compound: a (negation) + samāhita (concentrated) + citta (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+samāhita+citta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• samāhita – concentrated, composed, collected
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-ā-dhā (to place together, compose), P.P.P.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• citta – mind, consciousness, thought
  noun (neuter)
  From root cit.
  Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Refers to the jñaḥ.

असौ (asau) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the knower.

कदा (kadā) - when? at what time?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of time.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present active indicative

Derived from root bhū, 1st class, 3rd person singular present active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'asau asamāhitacittaḥ' and 'kaḥ'.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: The subject of bhavati (who becomes).

किल (kila) - indeed, surely, they say

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or reportive particle.

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