योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-62, verse-4

सुरघुरुवाच ।
एतन्मे ब्रूहि भगवन्सर्वसंकल्पवर्जितम् ।
परमोपशमं श्रेयः समाधिर्हि किमुच्यते ॥ ४ ॥

suraghuruvāca ,
etanme brūhi bhagavansarvasaṃkalpavarjitam ,
paramopaśamaṃ śreyaḥ samādhirhi kimucyate 4

4. suraguruḥ uvāca etat me brūhi bhagavan sarvasaṅkalpavarjitam
paramopaśamam śreyaḥ samādhiḥ hi kim ucyate

4. suraguruḥ uvāca bhagavan me etat brūhi samādhiḥ hi
sarvasaṅkalpavarjitam paramopaśamam śreyaḥ kim ucyate

4. The preceptor of the gods said: "O revered one, tell me this, which is devoid of all mental constructs (saṅkalpa), supreme tranquility, and the highest good: what indeed is *samādhi* (meditative absorption) called?"

Words meanings summery:

• सुरगुरुः (suraguruḥ) - preceptor of gods

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

• मे (me) - to me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O illustrious one

• सर्वसङ्कल्पवर्जितम् (sarvasaṅkalpavarjitam) - devoid of all mental constructs/volitions

• परमोपशमम् (paramopaśamam) - supreme tranquility, ultimate cessation

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the highest good, auspiciousness, welfare

• समाधिः (samādhiḥ) - meditative absorption, concentration, profound meditation (samādhi)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

Words meanings and morphology

सुरगुरुः (suraguruḥ) - preceptor of gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suraguru

suraguru - preceptor of gods, guru of gods (Bṛhaspati)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+guru)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Derived from root vac, 3rd person singular perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

मे (me) - to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive singular.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active

Derived from root brū/vac, 2nd person singular imperative.

Root: brū (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O illustrious one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - illustrious, divine, prosperous, revered one

सर्वसङ्कल्पवर्जितम् (sarvasaṅkalpavarjitam) - devoid of all mental constructs/volitions

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvasaṅkalpavarjita

sarvasaṅkalpavarjita - devoid of all mental constructs/volitions

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, varjita derived from root vṛj (to avoid, abandon)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+saṅkalpa+varjita)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• saṅkalpa – mental construct, intention, resolution, volition
  noun (masculine)
  saṃ (prefix) + kḷp (root)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• varjita – devoid of, abandoned, excluded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛj (to avoid, abandon).
  Root: vṛj (class 10)

परमोपशमम् (paramopaśamam) - supreme tranquility, ultimate cessation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramopaśama

paramopaśama - supreme tranquility, ultimate cessation, perfect calmness

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+upaśama)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective
• upaśama – tranquility, cessation, calming
  noun (masculine)
  upa (prefix) + śam (root)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective here, agreeing with 'etat' or implicitly 'samādhi'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the highest good, auspiciousness, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, excellent, better, welfare, the highest good

Comparative form of śrī or related to śrī (to go, run). Often considered a nominalized adjective.

Note: Can be both nominative or accusative singular neuter. Here, it is likely accusative, like paramopaśamam, describing 'samādhi'.

समाधिः (samādhiḥ) - meditative absorption, concentration, profound meditation (samādhi)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samādhi

samādhi - meditative absorption, concentration, profound meditation (samādhi)

From sam-ā-dhā (to place together, to collect).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The subject being 'called'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Particle emphasizing the previous word or clause.

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Here it's nominative as the predicate of 'is called'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present passive indicative

Derived from root vac, 3rd person singular present passive.

Root: vac (class 2)