योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-31, verse-18

तत्कथं केन वा किं वा कृतमुत्तमचेतसा ।
पूर्वं येनैति विश्रामं परमं पावनं मनः ॥ १८ ॥

tatkathaṃ kena vā kiṃ vā kṛtamuttamacetasā ,
pūrvaṃ yenaiti viśrāmaṃ paramaṃ pāvanaṃ manaḥ 18

18. tat kathaṃ kena vā kim vā kṛtam uttamacetasā
pūrvaṃ yena eti viśrāmaṃ paramaṃ pāvanaṃ manaḥ

18. tat pūrvaṃ uttamacetasā kathaṃ kena vā kim vā kṛtam? yena manaḥ paramaṃ pāvanaṃ viśrāmaṃ eti.

18. Therefore, how, or by whom, or what (action) was performed earlier by an excellent intellect, by which the mind (manas) attains supreme, purifying rest?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so, that

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how?

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what (masculine/neuter)

• वा (vā) - or

• किम् (kim) - what?

• वा (vā) - or

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

• उत्तमचेतसा (uttamacetasā) - by an excellent mind/intellect

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - formerly, previously, before

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom (masculine/neuter)

• एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

• विश्रामं (viśrāmaṁ) - rest, repose, tranquility

• परमं (paramaṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost

• पावनं (pāvanaṁ) - purifying, sacred, holy

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought (manas)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore, so, that

(indeclinable)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how?

(indeclinable)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √kṛ (to do).

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

उत्तमचेतसा (uttamacetasā) - by an excellent mind/intellect

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of uttamacetas

uttamacetas - excellent mind/intellect

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+cetas)

• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √cit (class 1)

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of i

Root: √i (class 2)

विश्रामं (viśrāmaṁ) - rest, repose, tranquility

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśrāma

viśrāma - rest, repose, tranquility, halt, pause

Prefix: vi

Root: √śram (class 4)

परमं (paramaṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent, ultimate

पावनं (pāvanaṁ) - purifying, sacred, holy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvana

pāvana - purifying, cleansing, holy, sacred, pure

Root: √pū (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought (manas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, understanding, heart

Root: √man (class 4)