योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-31, verse-13

कथं च धीरवर्याग्नौ पततापि न दह्यते ।
पावके पारदेनेव रसेन रसशालिना ॥ १३ ॥

kathaṃ ca dhīravaryāgnau patatāpi na dahyate ,
pāvake pāradeneva rasena rasaśālinā 13

13. katham ca dhīravaryāgnau patatā api na
dahyate pāvake pāradena iva rasena rasaśālinā

13. katham ca patatā api dhīravaryāgnau na
dahyate pāvake rasena rasaśālinā pāradena iva

13. And how is it that a being, even when falling into the intense fire of the most resolute (dhīra) among men, is not consumed, just as mercury (rasa), possessing its inherent potency, is not burned by fire (pāvaka)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• धीरवर्याग्नौ (dhīravaryāgnau) - in the fire of the foremost among the wise/resolute

• पतता (patatā) - by one who is falling, while falling

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• न (na) - not, no

• दह्यते (dahyate) - is burned, is consumed

• पावके (pāvake) - in fire, in a purifier

• पारदेन (pāradena) - by mercury

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• रसेन (rasena) - by mercury (as synonym for pārada) (by mercury, by juice, by essence)

• रसशालिना (rasaśālinā) - by mercury, which possesses its inherent potency (in alchemy) (by that which possesses essence/potency)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

धीरवर्याग्नौ (dhīravaryāgnau) - in the fire of the foremost among the wise/resolute

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhīravaryāgni

dhīravaryāgni - fire of the best of the wise

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhīravara+agni)

• dhīravara – the best/foremost among the wise/resolute
  noun (masculine)
  compound of dhīra + vara
• agni – fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the intense spiritual power or wisdom of a sage.

पतता (patatā) - by one who is falling, while falling

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of patat

patat - falling, flying, alighting

present active participle

from √pat (to fall, fly)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to a living being.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

दह्यते (dahyate) - is burned, is consumed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dah

present passive

from √dah (to burn), passive formation

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'a being' (like jantu from previous verse or any human).

पावके (pāvake) - in fire, in a purifier

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier, pure, clean

from √pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Synonymous with 'agnau'.

पारदेन (pāradena) - by mercury

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārada

pārada - mercury, quicksilver

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

रसेन (rasena) - by mercury (as synonym for pārada) (by mercury, by juice, by essence)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - essence, juice, taste, fluid, mercury (in alchemy), sentiment

from √ras (to taste, feel, roar)

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of mercury, specifically.

रसशालिना (rasaśālinā) - by mercury, which possesses its inherent potency (in alchemy) (by that which possesses essence/potency)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rasaśālin

rasaśālin - possessing essence/potency, rich in sap/juice

from rasa + śālin (possessing)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rasa+śālin)

• rasa – essence, juice, taste, fluid, mercury (in alchemy), sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  from √ras (to taste, feel, roar)
  Root: ras (class 1)
• śālin – possessing, endowed with, inhabiting
  adjective
  suffix -śālin denoting possession or inhabitancy

Note: Adjective modifying 'rasena' and 'pāradena'.