वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-97, verse-10

वत्स राम इमाः पश्य धरणीं प्रकृतीर्गताः ।
ज्ञात्वैषामीप्सितं कार्यं मा चैषां विप्रियं कृथाः ॥१०॥

10. vatsa rāma imāḥ paśya dharaṇīṃ prakṛtīrgatāḥ ,
jñātvaiṣāmīpsitaṃ kāryaṃ mā caiṣāṃ vipriyaṃ kṛthāḥ.

10. vatsa rāma imāḥ paśya dharaṇīm prakṛtīḥ gatāḥ jñātvā
eṣām īpsitam kāryam mā ca eṣām vipriyam kṛthāḥ

10. vatsa rāma imāḥ dharaṇīm gatāḥ prakṛtīḥ paśya eṣām
īpsitam kāryam jñātvā ca eṣām vipriyam mā kṛthāḥ

10. My son, Rama, behold these subjects (prakṛti), who have fallen to the ground. Understand their desires, and do not do anything displeasing to them.

Words meanings summery:

• वत्स (vatsa) - son (term of endearment) (child, son, dear one)

• राम (rāma) - Rama

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• पश्य (paśya) - behold (see, behold)

• धरणीम् (dharaṇīm) - ground (earth, ground)

• प्रकृतीः (prakṛtīḥ) - subjects (prakṛti) (nature, origin, citizens, subjects)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - fallen (to the ground) (gone, reached, attained)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, understood)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the subjects) (of these)

• ईप्सितम् (īpsitam) - wished, desired (desired, wished for, longed for)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - wishes, desires (that which is desired to be done) (work, deed, what is to be done, duty)

• मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive) (not, do not)

• च (ca) - and

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (subjects) (of these)

• विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - anything disagreeable (disagreeable, unpleasant, harmful, enmity)

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do (prohibitive) (may you do, you should do, you did)

Words meanings and morphology

वत्स (vatsa) - son (term of endearment) (child, son, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, son, dear one

Note: Addressed to Rama.

राम (rāma) - Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name, avatar of Viṣṇu)

Note: Addressed.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with `prakṛtīḥ`.

पश्य (paśya) - behold (see, behold)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

imperative, 2nd person singular

Present stem `paśya` from root `dṛś`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धरणीम् (dharaṇīm) - ground (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharaṇī

dharaṇī - earth, ground, land

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gone to' implicitly with `gatāḥ`.

प्रकृतीः (prakṛtīḥ) - subjects (prakṛti) (nature, origin, citizens, subjects)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, fundamental matter; also citizens, subjects

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `paśya`, and qualified by `gatāḥ`.

गताः (gatāḥ) - fallen (to the ground) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, passed, arrived

past passive participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `prakṛtīḥ`, describing their state.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (ktvā)

Root: jñā (class 9)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the subjects) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive for `īpsitam kāryam`.

ईप्सितम् (īpsitam) - wished, desired (desired, wished for, longed for)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īpsita

īpsita - desired, wished for, longed for

past passive participle (from desiderative stem of āp)

Desiderative stem of root āp (to obtain) + kta affix.

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `kāryam`.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - wishes, desires (that which is desired to be done) (work, deed, what is to be done, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work, purpose

gerundive (ṇyat affix)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `jñātvā`.

मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive) (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (subjects) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive for `vipriyam`.

विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - anything disagreeable (disagreeable, unpleasant, harmful, enmity)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile; also enmity, harm

Compound of `vi` (negative particle) and `priya` (dear, pleasing).

Prefix: vi

Root: prī (class 9)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do (prohibitive) (may you do, you should do, you did)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

aorist injunctive, 2nd person singular

Used with `mā` for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)