वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-70, verse-2

भगवंस्तद्वनं घोरं तपस्तप्यति यत्र सः ।
श्वेतो वैदर्भको राजा कथं तदमृगद्विजम् ॥२॥

2. bhagavaṃstadvanaṃ ghoraṃ tapastapyati yatra saḥ ,
śveto vaidarbhako rājā kathaṃ tadamṛgadvijam.

2. bhagavan tat vanaṃ ghoraṃ tapaḥ tapyati yatra saḥ
śvetaḥ vaidarbhakaḥ rājā kathaṃ tat amṛgadvijam

2. O revered one (bhagavan), how was that terrible forest, where King Śveta of Vidarbha performed his severe austerities (tapas), without animals and birds?

Words meanings summery:

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (O revered one, O blessed one, O divine one)

• तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that, this)

• वनं (vanaṁ) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

• घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• तप्यति (tapyati) - performs austerities (performs austerities, heats, suffers)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• सः (saḥ) - he (King Śveta) (he, that)

• श्वेतः (śvetaḥ) - Śveta (proper name) (Śveta (name), white)

• वैदर्भकः (vaidarbhakaḥ) - of Vidarbha (of Vidarbha, belonging to Vidarbha)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that, this)

• अमृगद्विजम् (amṛgadvijam) - without animals and birds

Words meanings and morphology

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (O revered one, O blessed one, O divine one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, blessed, revered (often title for deities or respected persons)

Derived from `bhaga` (fortune, excellence).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Agastya.

तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'vanaṃ'.

वनं (vanaṁ) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ghoraṃ'.

घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful

Root: ghur (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vanaṃ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, penance, austerity, religious mortification

From root √tap (to heat, to perform penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used with `tapyati`.

तप्यति (tapyati) - performs austerities (performs austerities, heats, suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of tap

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root √tap.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Main verb in the subordinate clause.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of `ya`.

Note: Introduces a locative clause.

सः (saḥ) - he (King Śveta) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative masculine singular.

Note: Subject of 'tapyati'.

श्वेतः (śvetaḥ) - Śveta (proper name) (Śveta (name), white)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śveta

śveta - white, pure, a proper name

Root: śvit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāja'.

वैदर्भकः (vaidarbhakaḥ) - of Vidarbha (of Vidarbha, belonging to Vidarbha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaidarbhaka

vaidarbhaka - belonging to Vidarbha, an inhabitant of Vidarbha

Derived from 'vidarbha' (name of a country) with suffix '-aka'.

Note: Qualifies 'rāja'.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Nominative masculine singular.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ'.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Introduces the question.

तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'vanaṃ ghoraṃ'.

अमृगद्विजम् (amṛgadvijam) - without animals and birds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛgadvija

amṛgadvija - without animals and birds; without deer and Brahmins (dvija can mean bird or brahmin)

Negative compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+mṛga+dvija)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mṛga – deer, animal, wild beast
  noun (masculine)
• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Literally 'twice-born'.

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vanaṃ'.