वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-70, verse-18

पुरस्य चाकरोन्नाम मधुमन्तमिति प्रभो ।
पुरोहितं चोशनसं वरयामास सुव्रतम् ॥१८॥

18. purasya cākaronnāma madhumantamiti prabho ,
purohitaṃ cośanasaṃ varayāmāsa suvratam.

18. purasya ca akarot nāma madhumantaṃ iti prabho
purohitaṃ ca uśanasaṃ varayāmāsa suvratam

18. prabho ca purasya madhumantaṃ iti nāma akarot.
ca suvratam uśanasaṃ purohitaṃ varayāmāsa.

18. And, O lord (prabho), he named the city Madhumanta. He also chose the highly virtuous Uśanas as his family priest (purohita).

Words meanings summery:

• पुरस्य (purasya) - of the city

• च (ca) - and, also

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he named, he gave the name (he made, he did, he performed)

• नाम (nāma) - name, appellation

• मधुमन्तं (madhumantaṁ) - the city named Madhumanta (having honey, sweet, pleasant, named Madhumanta)

• इति (iti) - marking the name 'Madhumanta' (thus, so)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

• पुरोहितं (purohitaṁ) - family priest, chaplain

• च (ca) - and, also

• उशनसं (uśanasaṁ) - Uśanas (proper name, refers to Śukra)

• वरयामास (varayāmāsa) - he chose, he elected

• सुव्रतम् (suvratam) - the highly virtuous (Uśanas) (virtuous, of good vows, pious, devout)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरस्य (purasya) - of the city

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

Note: Possessive case modifying 'nāma' (the name of the city).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this action to previous actions in the narrative.

अकरोत् (akarot) - he named, he gave the name (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

root 'kṛ' (8th class, tanādi) in imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'nāma' and 'iti' to mean 'he gave the name...'.

नाम (nāma) - name, appellation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Note: Object of 'akarot' (made the name).

मधुमन्तं (madhumantaṁ) - the city named Madhumanta (having honey, sweet, pleasant, named Madhumanta)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhumant

madhumant - having honey, sweet, pleasant; also a proper name for a place

derived from 'madhu' (honey) with possessive suffix 'matup'

Note: Qualifies the implied name of the city, hence in neuter accusative singular.

इति (iti) - marking the name 'Madhumanta' (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, sovereign

Note: An address to Rāma.

पुरोहितं (purohitaṁ) - family priest, chaplain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - family priest, chaplain, one placed in front (for rituals)

compound: 'puras' (before, in front) + 'hita' (placed, appointed)

Compound type : tatpurusha (puras+hita)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• hita – placed, set, appointed; beneficial
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root 'dhā' (to place) with prefix 'hi'
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'varayāmāsa'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two sentences/actions.

उशनसं (uśanasaṁ) - Uśanas (proper name, refers to Śukra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (a renowned sage, also known as Śukra, the guru of the asuras)

Note: Object of 'varayāmāsa'.

वरयामास (varayāmāsa) - he chose, he elected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic perfect (liṭ) of vṛ

root 'vṛ' (9th class, kryādi) in periphrastic perfect tense (ām-pratyaya with 'as' root), 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Formed by causative stem 'varaya-' + 'ām' + perfect form of 'ās'.

सुव्रतम् (suvratam) - the highly virtuous (Uśanas) (virtuous, of good vows, pious, devout)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suvrata

suvrata - virtuous, of good vows, pious, devout, observing good vows

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+vrata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'uśanasaṃ'.