वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-70, verse-14

तेषामवरजस्तात सर्वेषां रघुनन्दन ।
मूढश्चाकृतिविद्यश्च न शुश्रूषति पूर्वजान् ॥१४॥

14. teṣāmavarajastāta sarveṣāṃ raghunandana ,
mūḍhaścākṛtividyaśca na śuśrūṣati pūrvajān.

14. teṣām avarajaḥ tāta sarveṣām raghunandana
mūḍhaḥ ca ākṛtividyaḥ ca na śuśrūṣati pūrvajān

14. tāta raghunandana teṣām sarveṣām avarajaḥ
mūḍhaḥ ca ākṛtividyaḥ ca pūrvajān na śuśrūṣati

14. O dear father (tāta), O delight of the Raghus (raghunandana), the youngest among all of those sons is foolish and merely superficially learned, and he does not serve his elders.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among those (hundred sons) (of them, among them)

• अवरजः (avarajaḥ) - the youngest (son) (youngest, born after)

• तात (tāta) - O dear father (addressing someone respectfully) (father, dear one, beloved)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - among all (of them) (of all, among all)

• रघुनन्दन (raghunandana) - O Rāma (traditional address to the hero) (O delight of the Raghus, O son of Raghu)

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, bewildered

• च (ca) - and

• आकृतिविद्यः (ākṛtividyaḥ) - whose knowledge is about outward forms, superficially learned

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• शुश्रूषति (śuśrūṣati) - he serves/obeys (he desires to hear, he serves, he obeys)

• पूर्वजान् (pūrvajān) - ancestors, elders

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among those (hundred sons) (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the hundred sons.

अवरजः (avarajaḥ) - the youngest (son) (youngest, born after)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaraja

avaraja - youngest, younger brother, born after

Compound type : tatpurusha (avara+ja)

• avara – inferior, junior, later, lower
  adjective
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix -ja from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तात (tāta) - O dear father (addressing someone respectfully) (father, dear one, beloved)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, friend, dear one (term of endearment and respect)

Note: Term of address.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - among all (of them) (of all, among all)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'teṣām' and 'avarajaḥ'.

रघुनन्दन (raghunandana) - O Rāma (traditional address to the hero) (O delight of the Raghus, O son of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of the Raghus, son of Raghu (an epithet of Rāma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – name of a celebrated king, ancestor of Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delighting, gladdening, son, child
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Term of address for the listener (likely Rāma).

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, bewildered, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √muh (to be bewildered)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'avarajaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

आकृतिविद्यः (ākṛtividyaḥ) - whose knowledge is about outward forms, superficially learned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākṛtividya

ākṛtividya - one whose knowledge consists merely in the outward form/appearance, superficially learned

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ākṛti+vidyā)

• ākṛti – form, shape, appearance, figure
  noun (feminine)
  From ā + √kṛ (to make, form)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'avarajaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'śuśrūṣati'.

शुश्रूषति (śuśrūṣati) - he serves/obeys (he desires to hear, he serves, he obeys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

Desiderative, Present (laṭ)

Desiderative stem śuśrūṣa- from √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: From desiderative root meaning 'to desire to hear' which also carries the sense of 'to serve' or 'to obey'.

पूर्वजान् (pūrvajān) - ancestors, elders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrvaja

pūrvaja - born before, older, ancestor, elder

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+ja)

• pūrva – former, prior, earlier, eastern
  adjective
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix -ja from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'śuśrūṣati'.