वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-70, verse-16

स पश्यमानस्तं दोषं घोरं पुत्रस्य राघव ।
विन्ध्यशैवलयोर्मध्ये राज्यं प्रादादरिंदम ॥१६॥

16. sa paśyamānastaṃ doṣaṃ ghoraṃ putrasya rāghava ,
vindhyaśaivalayormadhye rājyaṃ prādādariṃdama.

16. saḥ paśyamānaḥ taṃ doṣaṃ ghoraṃ putrasya rāghava
vindhyaśaivalayoḥ madhye rājyaṃ prādāt arindama

16. rāghava arindama saḥ putrasya taṃ ghoraṃ doṣaṃ
paśyamānaḥ vindhyaśaivalayoḥ madhye rājyaṃ prādāt

16. O Rāghava, O destroyer of foes (arindama), seeing that terrible fault of his son, he gave him the kingdom located between the Vindhya and Śaivala mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the father) (he, that)

• पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - the father, while seeing/perceiving (seeing, perceiving, observing)

• तं (taṁ) - that (terrible fault) (that, him)

• दोषं (doṣaṁ) - fault, defect, sin, error

• घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son, son's

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (descendant of Raghu) (O Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

• विन्ध्यशैवलयोः (vindhyaśaivalayoḥ) - of the Vindhya and Śaivala mountains

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between, amidst

• राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, reign, dominion

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he bestowed

• अरिन्दम (arindama) - O destroyer of foes (an epithet for Rāma) (destroyer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the father) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the father who gave the kingdom.

पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - the father, while seeing/perceiving (seeing, perceiving, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyamāna

paśyamāna - seeing, perceiving, observing

present participle (middle voice)

derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with 'śyan' and 'śānac' suffixes for present participle (middle voice); 'paśya' is the substitute for 'dṛś' in present system

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

तं (taṁ) - that (terrible fault) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'doṣaṃ'.

दोषं (doṣaṁ) - fault, defect, sin, error

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, error, vice

Note: Object of 'paśyamānaḥ'.

घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful

Note: Qualifies 'doṣaṃ'.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son, son's

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Relates to 'doṣaṃ' (the son's fault).

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (descendant of Raghu) (O Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; often used for Rāma

Note: An address to Rāma.

विन्ध्यशैवलयोः (vindhyaśaivalayoḥ) - of the Vindhya and Śaivala mountains

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vindhyaśaivala

vindhyaśaivala - the Vindhya and Śaivala mountains/regions

Compound type : dvandva (vindhya+śaivala)

• vindhya – Vindhya mountain range
  proper noun (masculine)
• śaivala – Śaivala (a mountain range or region)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two mountain ranges.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between, amidst

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a postposition with the genitive plural (dual in this case).

राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, reign, dominion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, dominion, sovereignty

derived from 'rājan' (king) with suffix 'ya'

Note: Object of 'prādāt'.

प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dā

root 'dā' (3rd class, juhotyādi) in imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

अरिन्दम (arindama) - O destroyer of foes (an epithet for Rāma) (destroyer of foes)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - destroyer of foes

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  derived from root 'dam' (to subdue) with suffix '-a'
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: An epithet addressed to Rāma.