वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-56, verse-16

रामं प्रदक्षिणं कृत्वा शिरसाभिप्रणम्य च ।
राणेण चाभ्यनुज्ञातः शत्रुघ्नः शत्रुतापनः ॥१६॥

16. rāmaṃ pradakṣiṇaṃ kṛtvā śirasābhipraṇamya ca ,
rāṇeṇa cābhyanujñātaḥ śatrughnaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ.

16. rāmam pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā śirasā abhipraṇamya ca
rāmeṇa ca abhyanujñātaḥ śatrughnaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ

16. Having circumambulated Rama and bowed down with his head, and having received permission from Rama, Shatrughna, the tormentor of foes (continued his journey).

Words meanings summery:

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulating (in a clockwise direction) (circumambulation, right-ward turn)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

• अभिप्रणम्य (abhipraṇamya) - having bowed down, having prostrated

• च (ca) - and

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• च (ca) - and

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, having received permission

• शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna

• शत्रुतापनः (śatrutāpanaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity and the hero of the Ramayana)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulating (in a clockwise direction) (circumambulation, right-ward turn)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - right, right-hand, auspicious, clockwise circumambulation

Note: Used adverbially.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

अभिप्रणम्य (abhipraṇamya) - having bowed down, having prostrated

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lyap)

Absolutive from root nam (to bow) with prefixes abhi-pra.

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: nam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity and the hero of the Ramayana)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, having received permission

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root jñā (to know) with prefixes abhi-anu.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - Shatrughna (name of a younger brother of Rama, 'slayer of foes')

शत्रुतापनः (śatrutāpanaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrutāpana

śatrutāpana - tormenting enemies, subduing foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – heating, tormenting, afflicting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/action noun
  Derived from root tap (to heat, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)