वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-56, verse-10

स ग्रीष्मे व्यपयाते तु वर्षरात्र उपस्थिते ।
हन्यास्त्वं लवणं सौम्य स हि कालो ऽस्य दुर्मतेः ॥१०॥

10. sa grīṣme vyapayāte tu varṣarātra upasthite ,
hanyāstvaṃ lavaṇaṃ saumya sa hi kālo'sya durmateḥ.

10. sa grīṣme vyapayāte tu varṣarātre upasthite hanyāḥ
tvam lavaṇam saumya sa hi kālaḥ asya durmateḥ

10. saumya,
grīṣme vyapayāte tu varṣarātre upasthite,
tvam lavaṇam hanyāḥ.
hi saḥ asya durmateḥ kālaḥ.

10. When summer (grīṣma) has passed and the rainy season (varṣā-rātra) has arrived, you, O gentle one (saumya), should kill (Lavaṇa). For that is indeed the proper time for that evil-minded one.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (refers to 'time')

• ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer

• व्यपयाते (vyapayāte) - having passed, having departed

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

• वर्षरात्रे (varṣarātre) - in the rainy season (in the rainy season/night)

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

• हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you should kill

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• लवणम् (lavaṇam) - Lavaṇa (proper name)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O benevolent one

• स (sa) - that (referring to `kālaḥ`)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• दुर्मतेः (durmateḥ) - of the evil-minded one, of the foolish one

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (refers to 'time')

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grīṣma

grīṣma - summer, hot season

व्यपयाते (vyapayāte) - having passed, having departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyapayāta

vyapayāta - passed away, departed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: yā

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

वर्षरात्रे (varṣarātre) - in the rainy season (in the rainy season/night)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of varṣarātra

varṣarātra - rainy season, rainy night

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣā+rātra)

• varṣā – rain, rainy season
  noun (feminine)
• rātra – night, period
  noun (masculine)

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, arrived, standing near, prepared

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā

हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you should kill

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

लवणम् (lavaṇam) - Lavaṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lavaṇa

lavaṇa - Lavaṇa (proper name), salt

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O benevolent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, benevolent, lunar, related to Soma

स (sa) - that (referring to `kālaḥ`)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, black

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

दुर्मतेः (durmateḥ) - of the evil-minded one, of the foolish one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, wicked person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence, intention
  noun (feminine)