वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-40, verse-18

एता वाचः सुमधुरा भरतेन समीरिताः ।
श्रुत्वा रामो मुदा युक्तः प्रमुमोद सुखी सुखम् ॥१८॥

18. etā vācaḥ sumadhurā bharatena samīritāḥ ,
śrutvā rāmo mudā yuktaḥ pramumoda sukhī sukham.

18. etāḥ vācaḥ sumadhurāḥ bharatena samīritāḥ |
śrutvā rāmaḥ mudā yuktaḥ pramumoda sukhī sukham

18. bharatena samīritāḥ etāḥ sumadhurāḥ vācaḥ
śrutvā mudā yuktaḥ sukhī rāmaḥ sukham pramumoda

18. Rama, having heard these very sweet words uttered by Bharata, rejoiced greatly, full of joy and happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, utterances

• सुमधुराः (sumadhurāḥ) - very sweet, very pleasing, very delightful

• भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata

• समीरिताः (samīritāḥ) - uttered, spoken, pronounced

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, endowed with, possessed of, connected

• प्रमुमोद (pramumoda) - rejoiced greatly, was very happy

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyous

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, easily, comfortably

Words meanings and morphology

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etat

etat - this

Note: Feminine nominative plural of 'etat'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, utterances

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Nominative plural of 'vāc'.

सुमधुराः (sumadhurāḥ) - very sweet, very pleasing, very delightful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sumadhura

sumadhura - very sweet, extremely pleasant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+madhura)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• madhura – sweet, charming, pleasant
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'.

भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of Rama's brother)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Instrumental singular indicating agency.

समीरिताः (samīritāḥ) - uttered, spoken, pronounced

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samīrita

samīrita - uttered, spoken

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'īr' (to stir, send) with prefix 'sam' (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle, feminine nominative plural.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive form.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the protagonist of Rāmāyaṇa)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, pleasure

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Instrumental singular.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, endowed with, possessed of, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'yuj' (to join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Past Passive Participle, masculine nominative singular.

प्रमुमोद (pramumoda) - rejoiced greatly, was very happy

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pramud

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form of 'mud' (to rejoice) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

Formed with suffix '-in' from 'sukha'.

Note: Nominative singular, agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, easily, comfortably

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage, accusative singular neuter of 'sukha'.

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