वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-2, verse-6

निरुत्साहस्य दीनस्य शोकपर्याकुलात्मनः ।
सर्वार्था व्यवसीदन्ति व्यसनं चाधिगच्छति ॥६॥

6. nirutsāhasya dīnasya śokaparyākulātmanaḥ ,
sarvārthā vyavasīdanti vyasanaṃ cādhigacchati.

6. niruttsāhasya dīnasya śokaparyākulātmanaḥ
sarvārthāḥ vyavasīdanti vyasanam ca adhigacchati

6. niruttsāhasya dīnasya śokaparyākulātmanaḥ
sarvārthāḥ vyavasīdanti ca vyasanam adhigacchati

6. For one who is without enthusiasm, miserable, and whose inner self (ātman) is agitated by sorrow, all endeavors fail, and misfortune surely befalls them.

Words meanings summery:

• निरुत्त्साहस्य (niruttsāhasya) - of the one without enthusiasm, of the unenergetic, of the dispirited

• दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of the miserable, of the wretched, of the dejected

• शोकपर्याकुलात्मनः (śokaparyākulātmanaḥ) - of one whose self (ātman) is agitated by sorrow

• सर्वार्थाः (sarvārthāḥ) - all purposes, all objects, all affairs

• व्यवसीदन्ति (vyavasīdanti) - they fail, they sink, they perish, they become dejected

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress, adversity

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - he obtains, he reaches, he befalls, he understands

Words meanings and morphology

निरुत्त्साहस्य (niruttsāhasya) - of the one without enthusiasm, of the unenergetic, of the dispirited

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of niruttsāha

niruttsāha - without energy, without enthusiasm, dispirited

`nis` (without) + `ud` (up) + `sāha` (strength, effort). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nir+utsāha)

• nir – without, out of, away from
  indeclinable
  Prefix `nis` becoming `nir` before vowels/soft consonants.
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort, perseverance
  noun (masculine)
  `ut` + `saha` (power).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dīnasya` and `śokaparyākulātmanaḥ`.

दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of the miserable, of the wretched, of the dejected

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, dejected, depressed, poor

Past Passive Participle

From root `dī` (to perish, to be sad) + `kta` suffix.

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `niruttsāhasya` and `śokaparyākulātmanaḥ`.

शोकपर्याकुलात्मनः (śokaparyākulātmanaḥ) - of one whose self (ātman) is agitated by sorrow

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śokaparyākulātman

śokaparyākulātman - whose mind/self (ātman) is agitated/confused by sorrow

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'He whose (ātman) is `śokaparyākula`'. `śoka` (sorrow) + `paryākula` (agitated) + `ātman` (self).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śoka+paryākula+ātman)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śuc` (to mourn, grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• paryākula – agitated, greatly confused, bewildered, perplexed
  adjective (masculine)
  `pari` + `ā` + root `kul` (to collect, crowd).
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: kul (class 10)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman), mind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Agrees with `niruttsāhasya` and `dīnasya`.

सर्वार्थाः (sarvārthāḥ) - all purposes, all objects, all affairs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvārtha

sarvārtha - all purposes, all objects, all interests, everything intended

Compound of `sarva` (all) and `artha` (purpose, object).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+artha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth, affair
  noun (masculine)

व्यवसीदन्ति (vyavasīdanti) - they fail, they sink, they perish, they become dejected

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyavasīd

Present active indicative, 3rd person plural.

`vi` + `ava` + root `sad` (to sink, sit). The `ī` is due to strengthening from `sad`.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sad (class 1)

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress, adversity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, vice, addiction, adversity

`vi` + root `as` (to throw) + `ana`.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - he obtains, he reaches, he befalls, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Present active indicative, 3rd person singular.

`adhi` + root `gam` (to go).

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)