वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-2, verse-10

दृष्ट्वा तां हि पुरीं लङ्कां त्रिकूटशिखरे स्थिताम् ।
हतं च रावणं युद्धे दर्शनादुपधारय ॥१०॥

10. dṛṣṭvā tāṃ hi purīṃ laṅkāṃ trikūṭaśikhare sthitām ,
hataṃ ca rāvaṇaṃ yuddhe darśanādupadhāraya.

10. dṛṣṭvā tām hi purīm laṅkām trikūṭaśikhare sthitām
hatam ca rāvaṇam yuddhe darśanāt upadhāraya

10. hi tām trikūṭaśikhare sthitām purīm laṅkām ca
yuddhe hatam rāvaṇam dṛṣṭvā darśanāt upadhāraya

10. Indeed, having seen that city of Laṅkā, situated on the Trikūṭa peak, and Rāvaṇa slain in battle, you should infer this simply by observing.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• ताम् (tām) - that

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• पुरीम् (purīm) - The city of Laṅkā. (city)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā

• त्रिकूटशिखरे (trikūṭaśikhare) - on the peak of Trikūṭa

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing, placed

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• च (ca) - and, also

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - by merely observing (from sight, by seeing, from appearance)

• उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, consider, comprehend, assume, infer

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'purīm' and 'laṅkām'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुरीम् (purīm) - The city of Laṅkā. (city)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, stronghold

Note: Refers to Laṅkā.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (island city of Ravana)

त्रिकूटशिखरे (trikūṭaśikhare) - on the peak of Trikūṭa

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of trikūṭaśikhara

trikūṭaśikhara - peak of Mount Trikuta

Compound type : tatpurusha (trikūṭa+śikhara)

• trikūṭa – Mount Trikuta (a three-peaked mountain)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From tri (three) + kūṭa (peak)
• śikhara – peak, summit, crest
  noun (neuter)

Note: Trikuta is the mountain on which Lanka is located.

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing, placed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, abiding, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'purīm laṅkām'.

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to kill, strike)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāvaṇam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king of Lanka)

Root: ru (class 2)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - by merely observing (from sight, by seeing, from appearance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, perception, view, vision

Derived from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implies inferring or understanding based on the visual evidence.

उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, consider, comprehend, assume, infer

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upadhāraya

Imperative Active

Causative of root dhṛ (to hold, support) with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: dhṛ (class 1)