वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-2, verse-1

तं तु शोकपरिद्यूनं रामं दशरथात्मजम् ।
उवाच वचनं श्रीमान् सुग्रीवः शोकनाशनम् ॥१॥

1. taṃ tu śokaparidyūnaṃ rāmaṃ daśarathātmajam ,
uvāca vacanaṃ śrīmān sugrīvaḥ śokanāśanam.

1. tam tu śoka-paridyūnam rāmam daśarathātmajam
uvāca vacanam śrīmān sugrīvaḥ śoka-nāśanam

1. tu śrīmān sugrīvaḥ śoka-paridyūnam daśarathātmajam
tam rāmam śoka-nāśanam vacanam uvāca

1. But to Rāma, the son of Daśaratha, who was deeply afflicted by sorrow, the glorious Sugrīva spoke comforting words that dispel grief.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to that Rāma (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• शोक-परिद्यूनम् (śoka-paridyūnam) - greatly distressed by sorrow, intensely afflicted by grief

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• दशरथात्मजम् (daśarathātmajam) - son of Daśaratha

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - refers to Sugrīva (glorious, illustrious, endowed with prosperity)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

• शोक-नाशनम् (śoka-nāśanam) - modifying 'words' (vacanam) (sorrow-destroying, dispelling grief)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to that Rāma (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

शोक-परिद्यूनम् (śoka-paridyūnam) - greatly distressed by sorrow, intensely afflicted by grief

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka-paridyūna

śoka-paridyūna - worn out by sorrow, greatly afflicted by grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+paridyūna)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• paridyūna – worn out, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from the root √dyū (to suffer, be afflicted) with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: dyū (class 1)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Viṣṇu)

दशरथात्मजम् (daśarathātmajam) - son of Daśaratha

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśarathātmaja

daśarathātmaja - son of Daśaratha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśaratha+ātmaja)

• daśaratha – Daśaratha (king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of the root √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - refers to Sugrīva (glorious, illustrious, endowed with prosperity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, prosperous, beautiful, venerable

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (king of the monkeys)

शोक-नाशनम् (śoka-nāśanam) - modifying 'words' (vacanam) (sorrow-destroying, dispelling grief)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śoka-nāśana

śoka-nāśana - destroying grief, grief-dispelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+nāśana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• nāśana – destroying, causing to perish, removal
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from the root √naś (to perish, destroy) with suffix -ana
  Root: naś (class 4)